Tabendan / Tabendau / Tabandon [fl. 1784-1797], Mississauga/Ojibwa chief; Tabendau negotiated and signed [with a Bird totem] an indenture which eventually became Surrender #3, Niagara River to Port Bruce [Catfish Creek], May 22, 1784; Tabandan signed Surrender #3¾, west of Toronto, October 24, 1795; Tabandon / Tabanon signed Surrender #8, Burlington, August 21, 1797; Debandan, Grand River Mississauga/Ojibwa chief, Fish Hawk clan, under principal Chief Poquan; asked Chief Brant to handle his Nation's affairs with the Government (Canada 1891 vol. I: 5, 7-8, 22; Fraser: 486, 488; Schmalz: 101-102, 283).

Tachiaten [fl. 1741; died in 1747 en route to Detroit from Montréal], principal Tionnontaté chief, Wolf tribe, Hatinaariskoua clan; Catholic pro-French chief, opponent of Wendat/Wyandot/Huron Chiefs Orontony and Angirot; Tayetchatin [with Sasteretsy and Orontony] gave two belts to Beauharnois, asking that the Huron Nation be moved to near Montreal, June 1741 - the message was passed on to the Governor on June 13, 1741; Taechiateu, Huron sachem, was listed in Potier's account book around 1743; Taychatin lived at Detroit, June 23, 1746; Taechiaten lived in the small village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747; Taychatin attended a council at Montreal where he became ill in 1747; he left for Detroit on August 23, 1747 (Clifton 1983: 12; Goulet: 8; Lajeunesse: 35-37; MPHSC vol. XXXIV: 193, 198, 337). 'My father, it is forever that we have formed the idea of coming near to you; and there is nothing which can change it ... My father, the Huron knows not what it is to belie himself, nor to let a second idea take the place of the first which he has thought right. Therefore, my father, I do not conceal from you that he may take a course which, perhaps, you will not approve of, if you were to reject his message'—with Sastartsy and Orontony, Huron village near Detroit, June 13, 1739 (MPHSC vol. XXXIV: 198).

Tagatsehede / Tagojodda [fl. 1701], Onondaga sachem; attended the Albany Conference with Nansan, July 9-14, 1701; placed southern Ontario hunting grounds under the protection of the British Crown, July 13, 1701 (NYCD vol. IV: 898, 910; Monture pers. com.).

Tahaidoris [fl. 1761], Seneca chief and warrior; Tahaiadoris, Seneca chief, along with Chief Kayasota, proposed war on the English to the Western Nations at a council at the Huron town opposite Detroit, July 3, 1761 - the Western Nations replied at Detroit the next day where they advised the British of the Senecas' intentions; Tahaiadoris expressed his sudden peaceful posture to the British and Western Nations on July 5 (Peckham: 75; Tanner: 48; PSWJ vol. III: 450, 451, 453). '...we invite you by this belt to cut off the English at Fort Detroit, to which if you agree, it will give us the greatest Joy and pleasure, with Chearfullness we will return home to our Nation, & endeavor to do the same with the Garrisons at Niagara and Fort Pitt - the English treat us with much disrespect, & we have the greatest reason to believe by their behavior they intend to cut us off entirely; they have possessed themselves of our Country, it is now in our power to dispossess them & recover it...'—with Kayasota, Huron Town near Detroit, July 3, 1761 (PSWJ vol. III: 451).

ÌTa-hou-ne-ha-wie-tie / Adam Brown [born c.1747 in Virginia; died c.1840 probably at Amherstburg], Euro-American child, captured at the age of 8 in Virginia in 1755, adopted into the ruling Deer clan at the Huron village near Detroit, raised on the East shore of the Detroit River opposite Fort Malden, lived at Brownstown [named after him] on the road from Detroit to the Ohio country, Adam Brown became a chief and was named Ta-haw- na-haw-wie-te, he married a Wyandot [maternal grandmother of Peter Dooyentate Clarke], grandfather of Peter Dooyentate Clarke; his Virginia family offered him a part of his father's estate if he would return home, but he chose to remain with the Wyandots; he opposed attacks on whites; Skah-on-wot / Adam Brown, Wyandot chief, invited the Quakers to Upper Sandusky in 1789; Ta-hou-ne-ha- wie-tie, Huron chief, attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed Surrender #2 [with an Antler totem], south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor; Joseph Brant met Mr. Adam Brown at the Huron Village around September 28, 1794; Brown attended a council at Brownstown, October 11-13, 1794; a Huron named Shokee was hired by George McDougall to murder Brown in July 1795; Ta-hou-ne-ha- wie-tie proposed to move to land adjacent to Malden with most of his village in 1796; on January 22, 1796, McKee reported that Adam Brown was away from Brownstown with most of the Wyandot chiefs, and that he wasn't expected back until the spring of 1797; on April 9, 1797, Chew wrote "Chief Brown is a Person of much consequence with the Indians... he has always been a faithful and firm friend to the British"; Adam Brown, his daughters and grandchildren, retreated in a barge up the Thames River with Proctor's and Tecumseh's forces in 1813, they were overtaken by US cavalry; after the Battle of the Thames they were taken back to Detroit and released; Adam Brown, Wyandot/Huron chief, signed: Surrender #42, part of the Huron Reserve, February 2, 1836, and Surrender #46, part of the Huron Reserve, September 20, 1836; Adam Brown was mentioned in Ironside's report, August 31, 1840 (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002; PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1847, no 19; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1, 42, 113; Blair vol. II: 167; Clarke: 38-39, 53, 66-67, 72-73, 115-116; Cruikshank vol. III: 78, 106, 183, 204, vol. IV: 44, 62-63; Leighton: app. B4; Tanner: 102; MPHSC vol. XX: 470-472, 501, 512, vol. XXV: 63-64; OAHS vol. XIV: 314). Friend: I received your letter you wrote me and I am very sorry for your doing as sent them Warriors to General Whane without the consent of the Chiefs and all the Indian Warriors. You may think yourselves that you did right, but you did wrong, we see plainly that you will bring them poor people into a Scrape of your doings...'— letter to US sympathizer Isaac Williams from Brownstown, December 3, 1794 (Cruikshank vol. III: 204).

Takay / Také [fl. 1763], warlike Wendat/ Wyandot chief, ally of Pontiac in February, 1763; a proponent of traditional religion; commanded 50 Wyandot warriors at the siege of Detroit; Také / Yaka attended a council at the Fox village near Detroit, May 5, 1763; he attacked Fort Detroit on May 12, and negotiated secretly with the British on May 22, 1763, claiming that Pontiac had forced them into the conflict; he remained with the seige and attended a council at the Pottawatomie village on June 7 (Lajeunesse: 94, 97, 275; Peckham: 113, 149, 181-182; MPHSC vol. VIII: 267, 273, 288, 313).

Takoose [fl. 1875], Ojibwa Nation, Walpole Island community; signed Surrender #144, June 17, 1875 (Canada 1891 vol. II: 7).

Tanochrachhoss [fl. 1701], Mohawk sachem; attended the Albany Conference with Nansan, July 9-14, 1701; placed southern Ontario hunting grounds under the protection of the British Crown, July 13, 1701 (NYCD vol. IV: 910; Monture pers. com.).

Taponta [killed at the Battle of Moraviantown {Fairfield}, October 5, 1813], Sac/ Sauk Warrior (Sugden: 133).

Tarhé / The Crane / The Cran Weyondott / Tarhee / Le Chef Grue [born near Windsor in 1742; died at Cranetown, near Sandusky in November, 1818], Wendat/ Wyandot/Huron principal chief of the Sandusky River community, Porcupine clan, tall and slender - Crane refers to his build; married to You-rou-quain and Sally Frost [who was his wife at the time of his death], succeeded by Duonquot; fought with Chief Cornstalk at Point Pleasant, October 10, 1774; on August 5, 1794, the Crane asked the British for assistance against U.S. forces, later that month Tarhe was badly wounded in the arm at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, where he was said to have been the only Wyandot chief to survive - thirteen others were killed; he signed the US Big Miamis [Maumee River] Treaty, January 31, 1786; the Crane addressed the Shawnee and Mingo Nations around December 1794; Tar-he / Tarke / Crane, Wyandot chief, signed the US Greenville Treaty, August 3, 1795; Tarhe lived at Lower Sandusky in 1800; Rev. Badger met the Crane / Tarhee at Lower Sandusky, July 30, 1805, and wrote a speech for him; the Crane sent a speech to Hull on September 4, 1805; Tarfee addressed a council at Springfield in 1806; Hull replied on May 6, 1807; Tarhee went to his hunting ground in May, 1807, but Hull expected him at Detroit on July 25; he opposed Tecumseh at a council in early 1809; the Crane supported neutrality and non-aggression with the U.S. on July 14, 1812, after Hull occupied Sandwich; Tarhè, Wyandot chief, attended a council at Brownstown, July 21, 1812; he urged Wyandot neutrality after the fall of Detroit, August 16, 1812; Crane attended a council at Franklinton on June 21, 1813, where he declared his support for the U.S.; lived on the Upper Sandusky River in 1813; marched into Canada and was at the Battle of the Thames with US forces, October 5, 1813; he was at Sandusky in 1814; Red Jacket attended his funeral; Tarhé's widow You-rou-quain was given land by the US peace treaty at the Miami Rapids, September 29, 1817; he was succeeded by Wyandot chief Dunquot (US 1837: 216; Drake: 159; Gray: 226; Goltz: 158; Hodge vol. II: 694; Tanner: 116; Tooker: 402; DCB vol. V: 297; MPHSC vol. XX: 416, 698, vol. XXIV: 24, vol. XX: 385, 416, 698, vol. XXXX: 63, 65, 69, 113, 115, 158, 414, 420; OAHS vol. III: 44, vol. VII: 99, 218, 232, vol. IX: 4-7, 19, vol. XIV: 124, 129, 132-133, 135, 313-314, 316). 'Brothers, will you please help me to fill my kettles and my horses' troughs, for I am afraid my horses will not be able to carry me home again. Neighbours, will you please to give if it is but a handful apiece, and fetch it out for us for my horses are not able to come after it'— Upper Mahoning River, Ohio, winter 1803-1804 (OAHS vol. XIV: 315).

Tau-yau-ro-too-yau / Between The Logs [born near Sandusky; fl. 1807 onwards; died before 1837], Wendat/Huron/Wyandot chief; lived in Tecumseh's village in 1807; main adviser to Chief Tarhé; he was with the US forces at the Battle of Moraviantown [Fairfield], October 5, 1813; he was a licensed Methodist minister on the Grand Reserve at Upper Sandusky, Ohio; Wyandot Chief Between-logs signed the US Fort Meigs Treaty in 1817, where he had land set aside for the Canadian Wyandots; Tanyourontoyou / Between the Logs signed the US peace treaty at the Miami Rapids, September 29, 1817, where he was given land on the Auglaize River; he made a speaking tour including Washington in 1826; Between-logs died before 1837 (US 1837: 216; Clarke: 119-120; Sugden: 36; Tanner: 166; DCB vol. VII: 821; MPHSC vol. XVI: 676, 678).

Tawa-ke-shecase [fl. 1848], Odawa/Ojibwa chief and warrior, Anderdon Township community; moved to Walpole Island in 1848; signed: Surrender #96, part of Anderdon Township, January 18, 1848, and Surrender #66¼, part of Anderdon Township, January 18, 1848 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 160, 238).

Téata / Taouita / Ta8ita / Tieata [fl. 1743-1766], Tionnontaté chief, Catholic, influenced by Jesuits; Taouita / Ta8ita, Wendat/Wyandot/ Huron or Tionnontaté Nation, lived at Etionnontout, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747; Téata reluctantly joined the siege of Detroit, May 11, 1763; he was mentioned in the Pontiac Manuscript, May 12; Teata, Huron chief, discussed terms of peace with the British, June 16, 1763; six Mohawks conferred with Teata at his village in early September, 1763; Tieata, arrived at Detroit from Sandusky, June 10, 1764, he had carried Johnson's speech to the Wyandot chiefs there, who laughed at him for believing the English, he returned on June 14 to hear their reply; Teata attended the Oswego Conference with Pontiac, July 22, 1766 where he gave the opening address; returned to Detroit on August 31, 1766 (Lajeunesse: 35-37, 95; Parkman vol. II: 304; Peckham: 113, 140, 182, 185, 197, 230-231, 291, 295, 298; PSWJ vol. XI: 226-228). 'I address my speech to all our Brothers, of all Nations and advise them to behave in the same way we do, for in truth, there is nothing upon earth can persuade us to do ill. For me I am stedfast and resolved to quit all evil, & follow whats good, & I act with you as I did with my French Father'—Oswego, July 22, 1766 (PSWJ vol. XI: 226).

Teckamus [fl. 1764], Odawa chief, Michilimakinac community; attended a conference with foreign nations at Niagara, July 9-14, 1764 (PSWJ vol. IV: 468, vol. XI: 264).

Tecumapeace / Mene Waulakosee [fl. 1770 onwards; died c.1815 near Windsor], Shawnee/Chaouanon Nation; sister of Tecumseh, Tenskwatawa and Cheeseekau; wife of Shawnee warrior Wassakekabows [killed at the Battle of Moraviantown {Fairfield}, October 5, 1813]; at Burlington after Moraviantown; she was at Quebec City, February 4, 1814; moved to near Windsor after the war (Drake: 62; Sugden: 196-197).

Tecumseh / Tecumthà / Técompsé / Tech- kum-thai / Shooting Star / A Tiger Crouching For Its Prey [born on the banks of the Mad River, Ohio c.1768; died October 5, 1813 at the Battle of Moraviantown {Fairfield}], Shawnee/Chaouanon war chief / ogima, Panther clan, son of Shawnee warrior Chief Puckeshinwa and Creek Nation woman Methoataske, married (1) a Métis named Manete / Mamate [1754-1792], and (2) a Shawnee named White Wing; he was the brother of Shawnee warrior Cheeseekau, Tenskwatawa (the Shawnee Prophet) and Shawnee principal woman Tecumapeace, father of Shawnee Chief Paukeesa, reputed to be the brother-in-law of Wyandot Chief Splitlog [according to J. Armstrong, Tecumseh was the father of sons Adjala and Pugeshashenwa]; he was at the Battle of Miamis Towns, 1791, and at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, August, 1794; he was at Fort Malden, June-July, 1808, and November, 1810; at the Vincennes Council with US General Harrison on July 30 and August 16, 1810; Tecumseh attended the Massinawa Council, May 15, 1812, where he argued with the Wyandot and Pottawatomie chiefs; he was at the Amherstburg council, March 13, 1812; Teekumthie conferred with Shetoon / Isadore Chene in June, 1812, about 60 miles west of Fort Wayne; Tecumseh, "his figure light and finely proportioned, in height, five feet nine or ten inches; his complexion, light copper; countenance, oval with bright hazel eyes, beaming cheerfulness, energy and decision," met Brock on August 14, 1812 at Amherstburg; he was at the fall of Detroit on July 17; he commanded Indian forces with Staiecha at Frenchtown on January 31, 1813; at the battle of Old Fort Miami, May 6, 1813; commanded Indian forces with Staiecha at the battle of Fort Meigs, July 25, 1813; was at the battle of Fort Stephenson, August 1, 1813; he camped on Bois Blanc [Bob-Lo] Island, September, 1813, but lived on Grosse Île; he retreated up the Thames River with Proctor in September 1813; Tecumseh appears in Richardson's novel The Canadian Brothers (J. Armstrong: 3; Berton 1980: 49, 53-57, 66; Buck; Casselman: xxx; Drake; Jameson: 352; Klinck: 107, 123, 137; Stanley: 106-107, 436; Sugden; DCB vol. V: 795-801; MPHSC vol. XXV: 275, 279, 431, vol. XXXX: 420, 461). '[H]ere it is, father; on one end is your hand, on the other, that of the Red People (both hands in black Wampum, but the Indian End of the White Belt darker than the other) and in the middle the hearts of both. This belt, Father our great Chiefs have been sitting upon ever since, keeping it concealed, and ruining our country. Now the warriors have taken all the chiefs and turned their faces towards you never again look towards the Americans, and we the warriors now manage the affairs of our Nation; and we sit, at or near, the Borders where the contest will begin'— Amherstburg, November 15, 1810.

ÌTed-y-a-ta / Staiecha / Stayeghtha / Stiahta / Roundhead / Tey-yagh-taw [born c.1750-1760; died of natural causes in September, 1813 at Amherstburg], senior Wyandot/Huron war chief of the Detroit River area, one-quarter Delaware, lived at Gibraltar opposite Amherstburg before 1812, brother of Wyandot Chiefs Jean-Baptiste [killed at Fort Meigs, September 27, 1812], Warrow and To-oo- troon-to-ra, his son may have married Theresa Adam; Sayaa-ta, Wyandot war chief, attended a council at Detroit with Lieutenant Governor Hamilton, June 14-20, 1778; Tyachta, Huron chief, attended councils at Detroit, October 21-22, 1783; Ted-y-a-ta, Huron chief, attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed Surrender #2 [with a Turtle totem], south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor; Staye-tuh, Wyandot chief, attended a council at Greenville with a party of Wyandots, Shawnees, Six Nations and Delawares at the end of July, 1795; Tey- yagh-tah, Wyandot chief, signed the US Greenville Treaty, August 3, 1795; Ustaiechta signed Surrender #12, Huron Church Reserve sale, Windsor, September 11, 1800; Roundhead was an ally of Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa; he attended a council with US officials, September 12, 1807; Roundhead was possibly involved in the execution of Wyandot Chief Sha- tey-ya-ron-ya in 1809; he lived on the Canard River in 1812, and attended a council at Amherstburg, July 7, 1812; he commanded the Indian forces at the Battle of Maguaga, August 9, 1812; Roundhead was at the fall of Detroit, August 16, 1812; Roundhead was sent from Detroit with Tecumseh by General Brock to the Miami Rapids a few days after the surrender of Detroit; he was at Fort Wayne on September 30, 1812, and at Fort Meigs on September 27-28, 1812, lived at Brownstown in October, 1812, and travelled south from there with Dewar on October 8; he commanded the Indian forces [with Chief To-oo-troon-to-ra] at the Battle of Frenchtown, January 21-22, 1813 [where he and Jack Brandy captured US General Winchester]; Roundhead and Chief Norton, with 800 warriors, joined Tecumseh in Ohio and Michigan in February, 1813; he fought at Fort Meigs with Tecumseh, July 25, 1813; he addressed the Brownstown Council, August 23, 1813; [Eckert states that Stiahta was killed at the Battle of Moraviantown {Fairfield}]; Roundhead appears in Richardson's novel The Canadian Brothers (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002; PAC RG10 ser. II, vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1, 30; US 1837: 54; Casselman: xxx, 134, 299; Clarke: 102-109, 126, 143; Eckert: 677; Goltz 1973: 92; Hodge vol. 2: 397; Lajeunesse: 173, 208; Leighton: app. B4; Sugden: 18, 35, 39; DCB, vol. V: 774-775; MPHSC vol. VIII: 267, 287-288, vol. IX: 443, vol. XV: 169, 228, 290, 427, 698, vol. XVI: 715; vol. XX: 416, vol. XXV: 428, 431, vol. XXXV: 204-205; OAHS vol. IX: 273). 'We are happy to learn your father [US General Harrison] is coming out of his hole as he has been like a ground hog under the ground and will save us much trouble in walking to meet him. We recommend you to remain at home and take no part in the war'—Amherstburg, September, 1813 (Sugden: 35).

From Surrender #2 (1790). PAC RG10, Vol. 1840, IT 002.

Teeduyscung / Tatiuskundt / The Trumpet of War [born in the Delaware Valley, on the New Jersey side c.1700; burned to death when his Wyoming Valley house was deliberately set on fire, possibly by Connecticut settlers, April 19, 1763], Delaware Chief, he was tall and portly, father of Delaware chief Captain Bull; Tediuscung lived near Wyoming before 1758; christened Gideon by the Moravians in March, 1750; sided with the French after Braddock's defeat; according to Kjellberg, Chief Teeduyscung was the leader of the Eastern Delaware Nation around 1760, when the Delaware divided into 2 divisions at that time - Chief Shingas was the leader of the Western Delaware; Teeduyscung left Gnadenhütten to live in the Wyoming Valley in 1754; he was chosen chief of the Munsees and the Lenapi and Unami Delaware around that time; attended the peace conference at Easton, July 28, 1756, where he contested the Walking Purchase; he attended negotiations at Easton, July 21-August 7, 1757; he attended hearings at Easton in June, 1762, where he accepted compensation of £400 for lost Delaware lands; the Delaware wiped out the Connecticut settlement after his death (Gray: 2, 26, 36, 39, 161; Jennings: 263, 275, 434-435, 487; Kjellberg: 22; Parkman vol. II: 282-283; PSWJ vol. II: 825-827, vol. IX: 607, 733-735, 738, 741, 744-756, 761-763, 892, vol. X: 210-222, 383, 395, 403-404, 449-555). '...I shall bring no other Indians along with me but such as are necessary to be present because the other Nations will not be obedient to me but gets drunk, & do a great deal of Mischief for which I cannot be answerable, but I can answer for my own people'—Wyoming, Pennsylvania, May 14, 1762 (PSWJ, vol. X: 455).

Tegachnawadiqua [fl. 1701], Seneca sachem; attended the Albany Conference with Nansan, July 9-14, 1701; placed southern Ontario hunting grounds under the protection of the British Crown, July 13, 1701 (NYCD vol. IV: 910; Monture pers. com.).

Teguaguiratin [fl. 1780-1781], Wendat/Wyandot/Huron or Tionnontaté chief, Turtle tribe [Turtle totem had a cross on its back and one on its right flipper]; signed a deed for a gift of land on the Detroit River to Father Potier, at Detroit, September 22, 1780; Tiockouanhoron / Tiockouanhown, principal Wyandot chief, attended and spoke at a Council with Major De Peyster at Detroit, July 29, 1781 (Lajeunesse: 120, 124-126, 285-286; MPHSC vol. X: 500, 502, vol. XIII: 92). '...la perte du pere Poitier a laissé une desolation genéralle dans nos villages, qui ne cessera que lorsque vous l'aurés remplacé par un autre: instruits des l'enfance des principes de la Religion Chrétienne, nous les suivons avec fidélitée, sous la direction de nos conducteurs spirituels: mais auhourd' huy que deviendrons-nous? les ames de nos guerriers frémiront desormais a l'aspect de la mort qui les attend a chaque instant, le Sang de nos vieillards et de nos femmes se glace par avance a l'approche de dernier momment de leur vie languissante...'—Detroit, July 29, 1781 (Lajeunesse: 285-286).

ÌTe-ha-tow-rence [fl. 1790-1795], Wendat/Wyandot/Huron or Tionnontaté chief; attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed Surrender #2 [with a Wolf's head totem], south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor, May 19, 1790; Te-haan-to- rens, Wyandot chief, signed the US Greenville Treaty, August 3, 1795 (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1; US 1837: 54; Leighton: app. B4; MPHSC vol. XVI: 678).

From Surrender #2 (1790). PAC RG10, Vol. 1840, IT 002.

Tehonwarengenie / Tohowaregenni [fl. 1701], Seneca sachem; attended the Albany Conference with Nansan, July 9-14, 1701; placed Southern Ontario hunting grounds under the protection of the British Crown, July 13, 1701 (NYCD vol. IV: 907, 910; Monture pers. com.).

Tekamasimon [fl. 1835], Ojibwa Nation, Little Traverse Bay and Arbre Croche community; attended a council at Makinac on May 3, 1835 (MPHSC vol. XII: 621).

Tekarihogen / Henry / Hendrick [born in the Mohawk Valley c.1750; died mid-August, 1830, by the Grand River], Mohawk civil chief, Turtle clan, probably the son or grandson of Turtle clan matron Sarah and Mohawk Chief Karaghtadie, titular head of the Mohawk Nation, Christian, member of the "progressive faction"; Hendrick, Mohawk chief, attended a New York area conference with William Johnson, November 6, 1766; Chief Hendrick attended a conference at Johnson Hall , November 6, 1768; he fought with the British in 1776; he settled on the Grand River afterwards; Joseph Brant married his sister Ohtowakehson in 1779; Augustus Jones married his sister Sarah in 1798; he fought at the Battle of Beaver Dams, June 24, 1813; he lost his sight after the War of 1812; Tekarihoga, principal Mohawk chief, spoke to a council at Niagara, August 31 and September 1, 1815 (DCB vol. VI: 759-760; MPHSC vol. XVI: 263-265; PSWJ vol. XII: 628). 'We the several Nations residing at the Grand River, salute you from the other side - We are the same people with you - We are relation & of the same colour, notwithstanding our having been opposed to each other in the Field during the late contest between our Great Father the king of England & the Americans, Our friend who has uncovered the Council Fire has removed all obstructions our minds are set at ease. The River which separates us has been opened that we may have a free passage at all times. The roads are cleared of all briars and rubbish that we may again renew the friendly intercourse which formerly existed between us'—Niagara, August 31, 1815 (MPHSC vol. XVI: 263).

Telonga / Tongah [born in 1789; died in a brawl in Grand Rapids, Michigan, July 1826], Pottawatomie chief and warrior of the River Rouge and St. Joseph River communities in Michigan, installed as chief on December 1819, successor to Pottawatomie Chief Tonquish (Gilbert: 28, 31-32, 46-47). 'My beloved brothers, I would walk with you here. For I say to you, the pale face does not own this land, nor is it ours to give. It is our land and their land. It belongs to the Great Spirit who does not divide, who is always the same, whose bounty knows no limits'—Plymouth Mound, Michigan, December 1819 (Gilbert: 46).

Temiskan [fl. 1747], Wendat/Wyandot/Huron or Tionnontaté; lived in the small village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island] census, 1747 (Lajeunesse: 35-37).

Tenskwatawa / Elskwatawa / Lalawethika / Laulewausika / The Prophet / The Open Door [born c.1775 in Old Paqua, Ohio; died at Argentine, Kansas c.1837], blind in his right eye; Shawnee/Chaouanon shaman, prophet and war chief; younger brother of Shawnee chiefs Tecumseh, Cheeseekau [Chiksika] and their sister Tecumapeace; he was an alcoholic before he received a revelation in 1805; predicted an eclipse of the sun in the forenoon, June 16, 1806; in 1808 part of the Shawnee Nation at Amherstburg opposed him; he was at the Battle of Prophetstown [Tippecanoe], November 7, 1811; at Fort Malden, June 21, 1812, and at Québec City on February 14, 1814; he was appointed Shawnee war chief with the support of Mingoe/Mohawk Chief John Norton in March, 1814; he was at Burlington in July, 1814, and at the Grand River in October, 1814; he settled on Cedar Creek in Essex County from 1814 to 1826; he lived in Canada until October, 1826, when he returned to the US and eventually settled in eastern Kansas (Berton 1980: 62, 141-142; Blair vol. I: 273; Goltz 1973: iii-v, 1, 10; Sugden: 17-18, 172-174; DCB vol. VII: 847-850). 'I am the Father of the English, of the French, of the Spaniards and of the Indians ... But the Americans I did not make. They are not my children but the children of the Evil Spirit. They grew from the scum of the great water when it was troubled by the Evil Spirit and the froth was driven into the woods by a strong east wind. They are very numerous but I hate them. They are unjust - they have taken away your lands which were not made for them'— August 4, 1807 (Goltz 1983: 18).

Teoniahigarawe / Hendrick / Tee-yee- neem-ho-ga-row [fl. 1680 onwards; died at the Battle of Lake George in 1755], Mohawk King; he was a Mahican by birth, adopted by Mohawks, a protestant, supporter of the British; Mohawk sachem, ancestor of Joseph Brant; he attended the Albany Conference with Nansan, July 9-14, 1701; placed Southern Ontario hunting grounds under the protection of the British Crown, July 13, 1701; visited Queen Anne and England in 1710 (Aquila: 253; DCB vol. III: 622-624; NYCD vol. IV: 897, 910; Monture pers. com.). 'Brethren, the Governor of Virginia and the Governor of Canada are both quarrelling about lands which belong to Us, and such quarrelling as this may end in our destruction; they fight who shall have the land'—Albany 1754 (DCB vol. III: 623).

Tequakereigh [fl. 1759], Mississauga/Ojibwa chief from the Toronto area; met with Johnson at Fort Niagara, July 30, 1759, where he made peace with the English (Schmalz: 59-60; PSWJ vol. XII: 118-119, 148; UELA: 83). 'To which he answered, and said it gave him great pleasure to hear our good words, and was certain it would be agreeable to all the nations with whom he was acquainted, who, with his, were wheedled and led to strike the English, which he now confessed he was sorry for, and assured they never would again, and that should the French, according to custom, ask them to do so any more, they would turn them out of the country'— William Johnson's report, Fort Niagara, July 30, 1759 (Schmalz: 59-60).

Teschetabras [fl. 1771-1772], Mississauga/ Ojibwa chief; in mid-February 1772, the Ojibwa at Kettle Creek told trader David Ramsay that Teschetabras told the English that "he would have no traders in the woods"; Tes-capuech, Mississauga first chief, informed Johnson of the Ramsay murders on May 26, 1772 at Johnson Hall (PSWJ vol. VIII: 485, vol. XII: 963, 970). 'We Also Assure you that Notwithstanding the many traders now Among us, All our Warriors remain in the most peacable Disposition & Wait our return before they Determine how to Act. We don't Desire the Death of the man Who has murdered our friends much less that of Any Englishman but rest Entirely on your Interposition in this Affair, Nevertheless our hearts are Quite Sore for the Loss of so many Brave Warriors. we have However Smothered our pain, & Injured no one Dureing our Journey we Also purpose to continue in the Same Sentiment till our return tho I have also lost my Daughters Son'—Johnson Hall, May 26, 1772 (PSWJ vol. XII: 963).

Tettepachsit / Tetepachsit / Tatepocoshe / Teteboxti [fl. 1795 onwards; tortured to death with Jacob by Delaware followers of the Shawnee Prophet, March 17, 1806 at Woapicamikunk {Anderson, Indiana}], principal Delaware chief; Teta-boksh-he / Grand Glaize King, Delaware chief, signed the US Greenville Treaty, August 3, 1795; visited by Chief Gelelemend in 1797; oldest chief of the tribe in 1806, he had long split ear lobes; Tenskwatawa helped determine Chief Tettepachsit's guilt as a witch in March, 1806 (US 1837: 54; Drake: 88; Goltz 1973: 69, 172; Gray: 197f; MPHSC vol. XX: 417).

Tharatohat [fl. 1781], Wendat/Wyandot/ Huron or Tionnontaté chief; The-ra- tou-at / The-na-towat / Tharatohat, principal Huron chief, attended Councils with Major De Peyster at Detroit, April 26 and July 29, 1781; Toharratoiegh, Wyandot Nation, was given land in the US peace treaty at the Miami Rapids, September 29, 1817 (PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; US 1837: 216; Lajeunesse: 124-126; MPHSC vol. X: 472, 502, vol. XIII: 90, 92, vol. XX: 416).

Thayendanegea / Thayendaegea / Tiendenagoe / Joseph Brant [born at Cayahoga, Ohio, March 1842; died at Burlington, November 24, 1807], Mohawk hereditary chief, son of Mohawk/Wyandot Chief Tehowaghwengaraghkwin [died c.1743], stepson of Onondaga or Mohawk Chief Carrihogo or News Carrier [died 1760]; Thay- in-di-ni-ga attended a council at Detroit, April 26, 1781; witnessed the Mississauga/ Ojibwa land surrender of May 22, 1784; he was at the Battle of Fort Niagara, July 10, 1789; claimed a tract of land for a settlement on the Grand River in 1791 that had been promised to the Six Nations in 1784; Captain Brandt spoke at a general council at Lower Sandusky [Ohio], September 30, 1792; he attended the Big Miamis [Maumee River] Council, and gave a speech to Lieutenant Governor Simcoe, July 28, 1793; he wrote a letter to D.W. Smith on behalf of Sally Ainse, April 3 and September 7, 1793; he was at the Glaize [Defiance, Ohio] General Council, 1795; around 1795 he sent speeches to Ojibwa Chief Egouch-e-ouay, through Sarah Ainse, urging support for the Crown; he signed Surrender #3¾, west of Toronto, October 24, 1795; he was granted land in the Burlington Bay area, August 21, 1797 (PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 8; Cruikshank vol. I: 243, vol. III: 310, 314, vol. IV: 33; Fraser: 487, 489, 491; Hamil 1939: 14, 1951: 35; Johnston: 57, 58; DCB vol. V,: 803-811; MPHSC vol. X: 475, vol. XIII: 93, vol. XX: 178-180, vol. XXIV: 491, vol. XXV: 40-42, 45-46, 187). 'Brothers Shawenoes and Nephews Delawares - I am very glad to hear what you have said - it sets my heart right, and I will meet you at the appointed place - I desire you Brothers Shawenoes and Nephews Delawares to take care and be aware of what we are about - General Washington is very cunning, he will try to fool us if he can - He speaks very smooth, will tell you fair stories, and at the same time want to ruin us - Perhaps in a few days, he may send out a flag - that will be only to blindfold us - It will not do for one man to turn about and listen to that flag - We must be all at it, as we are all united as one man'—Miamis Rapids, October 28, 1792 (Cruikshank vol. I: 243).

Thomas [died May 9, 1792 at Moraviantown {Fairfield}], Delaware chief; grandson of Delaware Chief Netawatwees (Gray: 96, 292).

Aaron Thomas [born at the Oneida Castle, New York in 1825; fl. 1852-1872], Oneida settlement, on the Thames River across from Muncey, married to Elizabeth [born at the Oneida Castle, New York in 1827; fl. 1852]; signed Surrender #127, Canadian Southern Railway right of way, January 17, 1872 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Canada 1891 vol. I: 296).

Captain Thomas [born on the Grand River in 1784; fl. 1841-1862], Ojibwa of the Thames chief, lower Muncey community; married to Nancy [born in 1798; fl. 1861], possibly the brother of James Thomas who was married to Peggy [born on the Grand River in 1784; fl. 1852]; Capt Thom commanded 23 Delaware warriors at the Battle of Beaver Dams, June 24, 1813; Capt. Thomas, one of the Thames River Ojibwa chiefs, signed [with a Beaver totem] a letter dated January 31st, 1841; Captain Thomas signed Surrenders #58½b, #58½c, #58½d, #58½e, for schools and churches at Muncey, February 3, 1849; Capt. Thomas signed [with a Beaver totem] a receipt for £50 for travel expenses to other Ontario Ojibwa communities, September, 27, 1855, along with a loan receipt around the same time; Captain Thomas signed Surrender #95, sale of timber from Muncey, September 26, 1862 (PAC RG10, vol. 140, vol. 454: 3, 106; PAC Canada 1851-52; PAC Canada 1861; Canada 1891 vol. I: 143-146, 238; Johnston: 205).

From PAC RG10, Vol. 454: 3 (1855).

Lewis Thomas [fl. 1872], Oneida settlement, Thames River across from Muncey; signed Surrender #127, Canadian Southern Railway right of way, January 17, 1872 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 296).

Thodsinojago [fl. 1701], Cayuga sachem; attended the Albany Conference with Nansan, July 9-14, 1701; placed southern Ontario hunting grounds under the protection of the British Crown, July 13, 1701 (NYCD vol. IV: 910; Monture, pers com.).

ÌTi-e-cami-go-se / Teckamagasey [fl. 1778-1827], Ojibwa/Odawa chief; Tee- ka-mi-ga-zee, Ojibwa Village chief, attended a council at Detroit with Lieutenant Governor Hamilton, June 14-20, 1778; Tekameghasii, signed the Ainse deed, north side of the Thames River from Lake St. Clair to Chatham, September 19, 1780; Tu-ka-wey-gasse / Tuckaweygassi / Tuchawaygassé, Ojibwa chief, attended a Detroit council, April 26, 1781; Tackamacos signed the Ainse deed, north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] near Chatham, October 11, 1783; Tickcomegosson, Odawa chief, Detroit area, signed [with an Otter or Salamander(?) totem] a surrender of land, south side of the Detroit River and Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], May 15, 1786 - it would eventually be registered as Surrender #116; Teckemegasey, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Sturgeon or Catfish totem] the Jonathon Schieffelin deed, north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] from Chatham to London, September 20, 1788; Tuckimagasey, Ojibwa chief, signed an Ainse receipt, for land on the north side of the Askunessippi from the mouth of Lake St. Clair to Chatham, November 20, 1788; Tekamaghasii, Ojibwa chief, signed the Ainse deed, Rivière La Tranche [Thames River] below Chatham, August 22, 1789; Ti-e-cami-go-se / Tiecamigose, Ojibwa chief, attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed Surrender #2 [with a Catfish or Sturgeon totem], south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor; Tuekinagosey, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Catfish totem] a Sally Ainse declaration, near Chatham, July 13, 1791; Tick-com-a-gasson, Ojibwa Nation, signed [with a Sturgeon or Catfish totem] a provisional Surrender for London Township, September 29, 1795; signed a provisional Surrender for Chennail Ecarte, September 29, 1795; Ticomegasson, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Sturgeon or Catfish totem] Surrender #6, London Township, Surrender #7, Sombra Township, and accompanying maps, September 7, 1796; Taytaymaygassin, Ojibwa chief of Chennail Ecarte, attended a council at Amherstburg to negotiate Surrender #21, October 16, 1818; Tekummegawsay, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Catfish or Sturgeon totem] Surrender #21, west of London Township, north of the Thames River, March 9, 1819; Tecumagawsic, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender 280½, west of London Township and north of the Thames River, May 9, 1820; Tecumagasaie, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Sturgeon or Catfish totem] Surrender #25, London Township to Chatham Township, July 8, 1822; Teckumagawsie, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Catfish or Sturgeon totem] a receipt for goods received in payment for Surrender #21, August 9, 1827 (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002, IT 021-IT 028; PAC RG10 vol. 1842 IT 065, IT 067, IT 079; PAC RG10 vol 1849 IT 368; PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada NMC 2835, 4113; PAO MU 2099 OS 1-4; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1, 17, 19, 49, 58, 273, vol. II: 281; Fraser: 171-173; Lajeunesse: 165-166, 172; Leighton: app. B4, B5, B6, B7; MPHSC vol. IX: 442, vol. X: 472, vol. XIII: 90, vol. XVI: 643, vol. XXIV: 27-29, vol. XXV: 105; Jackson pers. com.). Ti@e@cami@go@se = T(i)kamse = walks across (Margaret Jackson pers. com.).

From PAO, MU 2099 - 1788.

From Canada NMC 2835 (1795).

Tihokeres [fl. 1781-1783], Wendat/Wyandot/ Huron or Tionnontaté chief; Thu-ga- re-ss, Huron chief, attended a conference at Detroit, April 26, 1781; Tihokeres, Huron chief, attended a council with Major De Peyster at Detroit, July 29, 1781; Tyachawise, Huron chief, attended councils at Detroit, October 21-22, 1783 (PAC RG10 vol. 13; Lajeunesse: 124-126; MPHSC vol. X: 472, 502, vol. XIII: 92, 92, vol. XX: 416).

Charles Timothy [born on the Thames River in 1846; fl. 1890-1901], Munsee chief, Caradoc [Muncey] community; signed: Surrender #288, part of Caradoc Reserve, September 29, 1890, and Surrender #445, part of Caradoc Reserve, July 19, 1901 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Canada 1891 vol. III: 15, 331).

Tiokouoink / Tiok8oink [fl. 1747], Wendat/ Wyandot/Huron or Tionnontaté; lived in the small village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island] census, 1747 (Lajeunesse: 35-37).

Tiorachoe [fl. 1701], Oneida sachem; attended the Albany Conference with Nansan, July 9-14, 1701; placed southern Ontario hunting grounds under the protection of the British Crown, July 13, 1701 (NYCD vol. IV: 910; Monture, pers com.).

Tobias [fl. 1805-1836], Unami/Delaware chief; passed Denke's mission on Bear Creek, May 13, 1805; signed Surrender #47, part of Moraviantown [Fairfield], October 25, 1836; probably moved to Wisconsin or Kansas in 1837, may have returned in 1843 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 115; Denke 1990: 17; Gray: 69, 174; Schmalz: 149). 'It is true we live better than you. We have cows, which give us milk and butter, and pigs which give us fat and meat. We live together in one place, have large plantations, raise much corn, and so always have enough to eat for ourselves and our children. Formerly we did not so live, we were also continually wandering about, but now since we have teachers who instruct us in the Word of God and the great words which save us for eternity, and also give us instruction for improving our outward condition ... we obey them and do well in consequence'— Moraviantown c.1800 (Schmalz: 149).

Conrad Tobias [fl. 1857], Delaware Nation, Moraviantown [Fairfield] community; signed Surrender #83², May 15, 1857 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 217).

Gotlieb Tobias [fl. 1857-1882], Delaware Nation, Moraviantown [Fairfield] community; signed: Surrender #83, part of Moraviantown, April 9, 1857, and Surrender #199, part of Moraviantown, November 13, 1882 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 215, vol. II: 124).

Richard Tobias [fl. 1857], Delaware Nation, Moraviantown [Fairfield] community; signed Surrender #83, part of Moraviantown, April 9, 1857 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 215).

Tommago / Tumeko / old Oduhmekoo / old Otemekoos / Otomekoo / Tom-e-co [born c.1755; died 1830], head Ojibwa chief of the Thames River community, lived 8 miles west of lower Muncey; Beaver totem, father of John Tommago, possibly the uncle of John Riley; Chief Tomaco was an uncle of Nelson and Peter Beaver, successor to Chief Nawiseseneby [brother of Chief Meskobenas / Red Bird, see Smith 1987]; ally of the British and fought with Tecumseh in the War of 1812; Tomago, Ojibwa chief, Bear Creek community, attended a council at Amherstburg, after October 16, 1818, to negotiate Surrender #21 - he was late arriving, but a note in the minutes indicates that a reserve was to be set aside for "...Tomago and his band up the Thames River which he will point out when he arrives"; Tommago, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Beaver totem] Surrender #21, London Township and north of the Thames River, March 9, 1819; Tumago, Ojibwa chief signed Surrender #280½, west of London Township and north of the Thames River, May 9, 1820; Tummago, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Beaver totem] Surrender #25, London Township to Chatham Township, July 8, 1822; old Tumeko, Ojibwa head chief over 4 other chiefs, lived 8 miles below Lower Muncey on May 30, 1825, met Kahkewaquonaby [Peter Jones] there; Jones visited Tumeko's camp again, August 27, 1825, when it was 12 miles downriver from Munsee chief George Turkey's house; on September 1, 1825, Tumeko presided over a great pow-wow at Lower Muncey; Tommago, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Beaver totem] a receipt for goods received in payment of Surrender #21, August 9, 1827; on March 12, 1828, old Oduhmekoo asked Jones to accompany his chiefs to York, his camp was then located 22 miles upriver from Moraviantown [Fairfield]; on April 8, 1828 Otomekoo called his chiefs together to consider conversion with Jones - both he and Munsee chief Old Snake rejected Christianity; on August 11, 1829 Jones visited Otahmekoo again; on May 11, 1830 Jones commented in his diary that "the poor old man looks miserable and will soon be in eternity" - he was referring to old Otahmekoo who still resisted conversion to Christianity; Jones attended the burial of the old pagan chief Odahmekoo at Muncey; he was not mentioned on Jones' next visit to Muncey, September 1, 1836; descendants of Otahmekoo named Beaver lived in London, Ontario in 1992 (PAC RG10 vol. 1842 IT 065, IT 067, IT 079-IT 080; PAC RG10 vol. 1849 IT 368; Canada 1891 vol. I: 49, 58, vol. II: 281; Ferris: 72, 74; Goodspeed: 20; Kahkewaquonaby 1860: 28-29, 41-44, 119-120, 130, 249, 273; Kahkewaquonaby 1861: 100, 163; Leighton: app. B6, B7; Smith 1987: 89, 286n; MPHSC vol. XVI: 643; Riley pers. com; Jackson pers. com.; Sturgeon pers. com.). Otahmekoo = Odeh (heart) + Mikoonhs (small beaver) = Small Beaver's Heart (Jackson pers. com.). "Southern Ojibwa is most strikingly characterized by the weakening or complete loss of odd-numbered short vowels (except in final syllables)" (Goddard 1978b: 583) - Otahmekoo thus becomes Tommago. 'I am not inclined to change my way of worship'—Otomekoo's Camp below Lower Muncey on the Thames River, April 6, 1828 (Kahkewaquonaby 1860: 130).

George Tomico [born on the Thames River in 1827; fl. 1861], Ojibwa Nation, Muncey community, son of John and Mary Tommago, grandson of Chief Tommago, married Mrs. Tomico [born in 1829; fl. 1861], in 1862 they had two children (PAC Canada 1851-52; PAC Canada 1861).

John Tommago / John Otahmekoo / John Otuhmekoo / Otomekoo / John Tamico / John Tomico / John Tomicoe / John Tomigo [born on the Thames River in 1796; fl. 1828-1872], Ojibwa chief, son of Chief Tommago; young Oduhmekoo was visited by Kahkewaquonaby [Peter Jones] on March 9 & 27, 1828; John Otahmekoo, Ojibwa chief, interpreted for Jones at a camp meeting, August 17, 1829; he lived at the extreme southwest corner of Muncey in 1830; John Tomico was married to Elizabeth Half Moon [born on the Grand River in 1828; died around 1852] by Reverend Solomon Waldron of the Wesleyan Methodist Church at Muncey, January 3, 1836 - David Sawyer was a witness; John Tomago was married to Mary Tomago [born in the U.S. in 1794; fl. 1861] in 1852, they had three sons: Reuben, George, and Joseph [born on the Thames River in 1838; fl. 1852]; he farmed 24 acres at Muncey in 1852; John Tamico signed Surrender #37, part of Muncey Reserve, February 5, 1834; John Tom-a- coo was removed as a chief for misconduct according to a letter of October 24, 1837; J. Tamicoo, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Beaver totem] a petition to the Crown asking for land to replace Bear Creek land sold by mistake, June 12, 1839; John Tommago signed Surrenders #58½b, #58½c, #58½d, #58½e, for schools and churches at Muncey, February 3, 1849; John Tomico signed [with a Beaver totem] a receipt for travel expenses to other Ontario Ojibwa communities, September 27, 1855; he lived at Muncey in 1861; John Tomego signed Surrender #95, sale of timber from Muncey, September 26, 1862; John Tomigo signed Surrender #126, Canadian Southern Railway right of way, January 18, 1872 (PAC RG10 vol. 454: 106; PAO RG1 A-1-7 vol. 8 env. 2 03763-03764; PAC Canada 1851-52; PAC Canada 1861; Britain 1839: 391; Canada 1891 vol. I: 90, 143-146, 238, 294; Ferris: 74; Goodspeed: 26; Jameson: 321; Kahkewaquonaby 1860: 119, 251).

From a Letter by the Chippewa Chiefs of Caradoc, June 12, 1839. PAO RG1, A-1-7, Vol. 8, Env. 2.

Reuben Tomico [born on the Thames River in 1825; fl. 1861], Ojibwa Nation, Muncey community, son of John and Mary Tommico, grandson of Tommago; he farmed 10 acres in 1852 (PAC Canada 1851-52; PAC Canada 1861).

Tondaganie / The Dog [fl. 1807-1819], Ojibwa chief, lived on the Miami [Maumee] River, Ohio, near Lake Erie, November 1807; he adopted Peter Minor or Yellow Hair / Sawendebwas; Tone-an-dog-a- ne / Ton-dog-a-ne, second chief of chief Neome's Ojibwa community in 1819, later became head chief; Tontagini / Tondanganie / The Dog, Odawa chief, signed the US peace treaty at the Miami Rapids, September 29, 1817 - his adopted son, Peter Minor, was given land at Roche de Boeuf; he negotiated and signed the US Treaty of Saginaw, September 24, 1819 (US 1837: 216, 276; Leighton: app. B1; MPHSC vol. XVI: 671, 677, vol. XXVI: 522, 526). 'Old chief no good, whipped by white squaw'—to Mrs. Todd after she had fended off his knife attack with a heavy broom. Flint, Michigan c. 1837 (MPHSC vol. XXXV: 366).

Ton-quish (1) / Ton-wakis / To-quish / Toga [born c.1759; shot dead at River Rouge, October 1819], Pottawatomie chief, part Ojibwa, father of young Toga [who was shot in the same incident], nephew of Chief Topenebee, succeeded by Chief Telonga / Tongah, who lived at River Rouge in 1829; Ton-wakis signed [with a Deer totem] a 990 year lease for the north shore of Lake Erie, east of Amherstburg, May 6, 1788; according to Gilbert he signed the US Greenville Treaty, August 3, 1795, but he does not appear in the list of signatories; To-quish, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #12, Huron Church Reserve sale, Windsor, September 11, 1800; To-quish, Pottawatomie chief, signed the US Treaty of Detroit ceding the west half of Lake St. Clair, etc., November 17, 1807; Ton-quish lived on the River Rouge at western end of Lake Erie in 1807; he was at the fall of Fort Dearborn [Chicago] 1812; Tonquish, Pottawatomie chief, signed the US peace treaty at the Miamis Rapids, September 29, 1817; Tonguish's village was located near the River Rouge in 1827 (PAC RG10 vol. 453: 285; Canada 1891 vol. I: 30; US 1837: 216; Gilbert: 19, 22, 31-32, 137; Leighton: appendix B1, B3; MPHSC vol. XVI: 676).

From PAC RG10, Vol. 453: 285 (1788).

Ton-quish (2) [fl. 1807], Ojibwa chief; signed the US Treaty of Detroit ceding the west half of Lake St. Clair, etc., November 17, 1807; (US 1837: 136; Leighton: app. B1).

Tonti [fl. 1747], Wendat/Wyandot/Huron or Tionnontaté chief; lived in the large village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island] census, 1747 (Lajeunesse: 35-37).

To-oo-troon-to-ra / Sou-neh-hoo-way / Splitlog / Thomas [born near Sandusky c.1755-1765; died near Windsor, Spring, 1838], Wyandot and probably Tionnontaté hereditary chief of the Huron Reserve [Anderdon Township], with Warrow; Quarter Delaware, younger brother of Chief Ted-y-a-ta, older brother of Chief Warrow(?), and Mathias, [Leclair 1988b says that he was a brother-in-law of Tecumseh], uncle of Joseph Warrow senior; Split Log fought against the US at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794; Split Log was with Major Muir at Fort Wayne in September, 1812; attacked US troops at the Miamis Rapids, November 14, 1812; Split Log and Roundhead commanded the Indian forces at the Battle of Frenchtown [Monroe, Michigan], January 22, 1813 - he took US General Winchester prisoner and delivered him to Proctor; fought on the Niagara Frontier in 1813 after the Battle of Moraviantown [Fairfield]; Split Log withdrew from the war near Niagara temporarily with Wyandot Chief Mkedepenase / Blackbird in May 1814 because he was disgusted with the short rations issued to his warriors - he was said to have expressed wishes to make peace with the Americans [Richardson says he went over to the Americans in 1814]; Split-log joined the British at Burlington Heights with Wyandot Chiefs Warrow and Isadore in 1814, he took part in the defense of the Grand River later that year; Split-log, Huron chief, was asked to lead his warriors to the defense of Delaware, February 16, 1815; Splitlog was the head and principal chief of the Wyandots in 1816; successor to Ted-y- a-ta [Roundhead] as chief of the Anderdon Reserve community; he settled in Anderdon Township after the Treaty of Ghent; Tountoreshaw, Wyandot Nation, received land in the US peace treaty at the Miami Rapids, September 29, 1817; leader of the Split-log party, christened Thomas, he was a member of the Catholic, traditional group that opposed the surrender of the Anderdon Reserve in 1835 [he had written a petition rejecting the surrender in 1829]; Split-log sent a delegation of five to Quebec City to see the Governor-General in 1835; he appears in Richardson's novel The Canadian Brothers (US 1837: 216; Casselman: xxx. 71; Clarke: 108, 117-118, 124-125, 127-128, 136-150; Jameson: 345-350; Leclair 1988a: 30, 40, 45; Leclair 1988b: 51; DCB vol. V: 798, vol. VII: 821; MPHSC vol. XV: 698, vol. XVI: 50, 473, 678, 717, vol. XXXV: 202-204). 'Father, when the war hatchet was sent by our great Father to the Americans, we too raised it against them. Father we fought your enemies on the very spot we now inherit. The pathway to our doors is red with our blood. Every track to our homes reminds us, 'here fell a brother' - fell, Father! in the hour of strife for you.... We conjure you not to expel us from our homes, rendered dear to us by many recollections. The morning and the noon-day of our nation has passed away - the evening is fast settling in darkness round us. It is hardly worth an effort to hasten the close of night, &c. Father, the dejected Huron throws himself upon your clemency and justice'—Amherstburg 1829 (Jameson: 345, 347).

Topenebee / Topinabee / Topenibe [fl. 1813 onwards; died in 1840], principal Pottawatomie chief from the St. Joseph River, Neshnabek clan; a drunkard according to Hoyt; brother of Chiefs Weesaw, Chebass and Pottawatomie principal woman Kaukema, son of Pottawatomie Chief Anaquiba, uncle of Pottawatomie Chief Tonquish, adoptive brother of Catholic Pottawatomie Chief Pokagon, father of Chief Leopold Pokagon; he opposed the Pottawatomie actions at Fort Dearborn in 1813; he was a Baptist church supporter; presided at and signed the US Greenville Treaty, August 3, 1795; Topenebee the younger signed the US Treaty of Chicago, September 27, 1833, which led to the removal of the Pottawatomie Nation from Michigan (US 1837: 54, 297; Clifton 1975: 30, 55, 99-101; Clifton, Cornell, and McClurken: 52, 62; Tanner: 135, MPHSC vol. XXXV: 149). 'Father, we do not care for the land or the money or the goods offered us. What we want is whisky! Give us whisky!' [said to have been spoken with sarcasm]— c. 1830 (MPHSC vol. XXXV: 149).

Toposh [fl. 1848], Pottawatomie chief, Walpole Island community; in 1848 he received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812 (Richardson: 100). Toposh = Speed (Richardson: 100).

To-to-win / Helen [fl. 1797-1815], Santee tribe of the Sioux Nation, Wahpeton clan, lived west of the Mississippi River in Spanish Territory before 1797, married Robert Dickson in 1797, mother of four children, sister of Chief Red Thunder (Berton 1980: 81; DCB vol. VI: 209).

Tosoquathoa [fl. 1701], Seneca sachem; attended the Albany Conference with Nansan, July 9-14, 1701; placed southern Ontario hunting grounds under the protection of the British Crown, July 13, 1701 (NYCD vol. IV: 210; Monture, pers com.).

ÌTren-you-maing / Trem-you-maing [fl. 1790], principal Wendat/Wyandot/Huron or Tionnontaté chief; attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed Surrender #2 [with a Clawed Foot totem], south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor; possibly killed at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, August 20, 1794 (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002; PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Leighton: app. B4).

From Surrender #2 (1790). PAC RG10, Vol. 1840, IT 002.

Tsinago [fl. 1701], Mohawk sachem; attended the Albany Conference with Nansan, July 9-14, 1701; placed southern Ontario hunting grounds under the protection of the British Crown, July 13, 1701 (NYCD vol. IV: 910; Monture, pers com.).

ÌTsough-ka-rats-y-wa / Tsough-ke- rats-y-wa [fl. 1790], principal Wendat/ Wyandot/Huron or Tionnontaté chief; attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed Surrender #2 [with a Turtle with a cross on its shell totem], south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002; PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1; Leighton: app. B4).

From Surrender #2 (1790). PAC RG10, Vol. 1840, IT 002.

Tsouhahissen / André Romain [fl. 1825], Huron chief; he was chief of the council at Jeune Lorette, Québec in 1825 (UELA: 48-49).

Tuhbenahneequay / Sarah Henry [born at Burlington Heights c.1781; died after 1856], Ojibwa/Mississauga Nation, Credit River community, Eagle clan or totem, daughter of Chief Wapinose and Puhgashkish [who was killed at the fall of York in 1812], sister of Joseph Sawyer, wife of (1) Augustus Jones, a surveyor and (2) Mesquacosy, a Mississauga warrior; Tubinaniqua refused to become a Christian; she was the mother of 5 daughters and 5 sons including John Jones, Kahkewaquonaby [Peter Jones], Wahbunoo, and Maungwudaus [John Henry], grandmother of Saigitoo [George Henry Junior] (Kahkewaquonaby 1860: 4, 5; Smith 1987: 1, 3-4, 6, 16, 44, 146, 187, 228, 235, 237, 280, 317).

Tuh-qua-kud [fl. 1848], Pottawatomie warrior, Walpole Island community; in 1848 he received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812 (Richardson: 100). Tuh-qua-kud = Short (Richardson: 100).

George Turkey [born and raised at Chenango, New York c.1757; fl. 1776-1828], Munsee/Delaware chief; moved to Upper Canada in 1776; fought for the British in the War of 1812; lived at Upper Muncey on the Thames River, May 26, 1825; he was visited there by Kahkewaquonaby [Peter Jones] on May 28 and August 25, 1825; he was converted to Christianity by Jones later that year; Jones stayed with him in 1828 (Kahkewaquonaby 1860: 26, 40, 119; Kjellberg: 59-60; Smith 1987: 87-89). 'Some Munceys he not like it - he say he worship old way, But I tell him, lost old way. Old way was good. But now Munceys get their way from all nations, some from White people, some from the Chippewas and some from other nations. Now he thinks he got old way, but this is a new way, because he lost old way'—Muncey 1825 (Kjellberg: 59-60).

Rufus Turkey [fl. 1828-1829], Munsee/Delaware chief of the Muncey community in 1828; he acted as an interpreter for Kahkewaquonaby [Peter Jones] at a camp meeting at Muncey, August 12, 1829 (Kahkewaquonaby 1860: 121, 249).

Thomas Turkey [born on the Thames River in 1806; fl. 1852], Munsee Nation, Upper Thames River [Muncey] community (PAC Canada 1851-52).

Ephraim Turner [born in the U.S. in 1817; fl. 1852-1883], Ojibwa Nation, Muncey community; lived in Muncey in 1852; signed: Surrender #205, hunting agreement, July 25, 1883, and Surrender #210, September 28, 1883 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Canada 1891 vol. II: 139, 146).