Sachendoa [fl. 1747], Wendat/Wyandot/ Huron or Tionnontaté; lived in the small village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747 census; "good drunkard," according to Potier (Lajeunesse: 35-37).

Sachetotach [fl. 1780], Wendat/Huron/Wyandot chief, Turtle tribe; signed [with a Turtle totem - cross on its back and one on its right flipper] the deed for a gift of land on the Detroit River to Father Potier, at Detroit, September 22, 1780 (Lajeunesse: 120).

Sadaganahtie / Sadeganaktie / Sadeganasttie / Sadegeenaghtie [fl. 1701-1726], Onondaga sachem, Deer Tribe, his son died in 1701; he attended the Albany Conference with Governor John Nansan, July 9-14, 1701; placed southern Ontario hunting grounds under the protection of the British Crown, July 13, 1701; speaker at meeting with Nansan, July 21; surrendered land east of the Niagara River, September 14, 1726 (NYCD vol. IV: 801, 898, 907, 910; Monture pers. com.). 'Brother Corlaer. What shall wee doe if the French continue to draw away our people and encroach upon our Country, they build forts aroound about us and penn us up. Itt is now peace wee can not hinder them, neither itt is in our power to resist them, they have drain'd us of our people, they all goe to Canada and that upon pretence of Religion and to be converted, wee see it is only to enslave us...' —Albany, July 21, 1701 (NYCD vol. IV: 907).

Saensaouat / Saens8at [fl. 1747], Wyandot/ Huron principal chief, Turtle tribe, Ennchensiarronnon clan; lived in the small village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747 census (Lajeunesse: 35-37).

Sagawsway / Souskonay [fl. 1818-1827], Ojibwa chief; Soush-coi-jhe attended a council at Detroit, April 26, 1781; Souskonay, Ojibwa chief of Chennail Ecarte, attended a council at Amherstburg to negotiate Surrender #21, October 16, 1818; Sagawsway, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Bird totem] Provisional Surrender #21, west of London Township, north of the Thames River, March 9, 1819; Sagawsonai, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #280½, west of London Township and north of the Thames River, May 9, 1820; Sagawsouai, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Bird totem] Surrender #25, London Township to Chatham Township, July 8, 1822; Sagasouai, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Bird(?) totem], at Amherstburg, a receipt for goods received in payment of Surrender #21, August 9, 1827 (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 065, IT 067, IT 079; PAC RG10 vol. 1849 IT 368; PAC RG10 vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 49, 58, vol. II: 281; Lajeunesse: 165-166; Leighton: app. B6, B7; MPHSC vol. XVI: 643).

Sagetch [fl. 1818-1827], Ojibwa chief; Segay, Ojibwa chief of Chennail Ecarte, attended a council at Amherstburg to negotiate Surrender #21, October 16, 1818; Sagetch, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #280½, west of London Township and north of the Thames River, May 9, 1820; Sagetch, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Rat or Muskrat totem] Surrender #25, London Township to Chatham Township, July 8, 1822; Sagetch, Ojibwa chief, signed a receipt for goods received in payment for Surrender #21, August 9, 1827 (PAC RG10 vol. 1842 IT 067, IT 079; PAC RG10 vol. 1849 IT 368; Canada 1891 vol. I: 58, vol. II: 281; Leighton: app. B7; MPHSC vol. XVI: 643).

Sagimah / Saguima [means medicine man in Odawa language; fl. 1707-1712], Odawa war chief from Michilimakinac; French ally; Sakima, Odawa chief, attended councils with Vaudreuil in Montréal and Québec [on October 7] in 1707; claimed credit for the surrender of Le Pesant at Detroit; defeated the Mascouten at the St. Joseph River in April 1712; the survivors fled to Detroit where Sagimah's forces [600 braves, including Ojibwas, Odawas, Pottawatomies, Illinois, Osages, Sauks, Menominees, Mississaugas and Hurons] destroyed the fortified Fox village and the Mascouten and Fox Nations near Detroit; after the battle Sagimah abandoned his village and returned to Michilimakinac; Saguima's wife had been captured by the Mascoutens but he ransomed her at Detroit (Schmalz: 24-25, 27; DCB vol. III: 576-577; MPHSC vol. XXXIII: 335, 347, 350, 354, 362, 364, 367, 386, 389, 540, 543, 551, 555-556). 'Saguina told me to beg of you if you wish to honor him with any present, to address it to me, so that the savages may not plunder it so easily, to give it to a man called Ountino from Langekam's village or indeed to any Frenchman'—letter from Father Marest to Vaudreuil, Michilimakinac, June 21, 1712 (MPHSC vol. XXXIII: 557).

Saginaw / Sagima [fl. 1800-1835], Odawa war chief from the Grand River, Michigan c.1800; Saw-ga-maw, Odawa chief, signed the US Treaty of Detroit ceding the west half of Lake St. Clair, etc., November 17, 1807; he lived in south-eastern Michigan in 1827; Sagima, Ojibwa chief, Pére Marquette River community, attended a council at L'Arbre Croche, May 3, 1835 (US 1837: 136; Clifton, Cornell, and McClurken: 21; Leighton: app. B1; MPHSC vol. XII: 622).

Sahenteskon [fl. 1800], Wendat/Wyandot/ Huron or Tionnontaté chief; signed Surrender #12, Huron Church Reserve sale, Windsor, September 11, 1800 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 30; Lajeunesse: 208).

David Sahpah [fl. 1866-1870], Ojibwa Nation, Kettle Point / Sarnia community; signed Surrender #107, December 13, 1866; Reverend Edward Wilson visited him and held a service at his log house on Kettle Point in 1867; David Sahpah and his wife sponsored the baptism of the children of the Shaukeens family in January, 1870 at Kettle Point (Canada 1891 vol. I: 252; Wilson: 26-28, 58).

Sa-kee-mans [fl. 1827-1833], Pottawatomie chief; signed the US Treaty for lands in eastern Michigan, September 19, 1827; Sauk-e-mau, signed the US Treaty of Chicago, September 27, 1833, which led to the removal of the Pottawatomie Nation from Michigan, (US 1837: 584; Gilbert: 80-81; Leighton: app. B3).

Peter Salt [fl. 1839-1852], Ojibwa chief, Sarnia community; lived on the Upper Reserve, August 3, 1839, and January 20, 1843; signed Surrender #69, part of Sarnia Reserve for town and park lots, August 25, 1852 (Canada 1847, no. 20; Canada 1891 vol. I: 177).

Samuel [fl. 1791-1805], Unami/Delaware Nation; he was at Amherstburg with the Moravians, and visited Detroit, July 12, 1791; moved on to help establish Moraviantown [Fairfield]; Samuel visited Bear Creek on August 29, 1805; on September 20, 1805 he and his wife(?), Polly, brought a cow and a calf to the mission from Fairfield (Denke 1990: 7-9; Lajeunesse: 104). 'My brother! I wished to lay down my heart before you completely and tell you exactly and straightforward how I am getting on, etc.'—Bear Creek, August 30, 1805 (Denke 1990: 8).

Job Samuel [born on the Thames River in 1812; fl. 1836-1852], Unami/Delaware Nation, lived at Moraviantown [Fairfield] around 1836; married to Mary [born on the Thames River in 1813; fl. 1852]; Job Samuel signed Surrender #47, part of Moraviantown, October 25, 1836; he reportedly moved to Kansas in 1837; Job Samuel lived at Muncey in 1852 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Canada 1891 vol. I: 115; Weslager: 400, 435).

Peter Samuel [fl. 1836], Delaware Nation, Moraviantown [Fairfield] community; signed Surrender #47, part of Moraviantown, October 25, 1836 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 115).

Sanatane [fl. 1783], Huron chief, Detroit area; attended councils at Detroit, October 21-22, 1783 (PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13).

Sandotes [fl. 1747], Wendat/Wyandot/Huron or Tionnontaté Nation; lived at Etionnontout, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747 census (Lajeunesse: 35-37).

Sangaswa [fl. 1852-1861], born on the Thames River in 1841; the daughter of John Whiteloon [born at Chatham 1814; fl. 1852] and Mrs. Whiteloon [born on Bear Creek 1822; fl. 1852] (PAC Canada 1851-1852; PAC Canada 1861).

Sasagau [fl. 1848], Ojibwa chief, Walpole Island community; in 1848 he received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812 (Richardson: 100). Sasagau = Hail (Richardson: 100).

Sastarexi [fl. 1707-1764], Tionnontaté chief at Detroit, married to Datyriz [La Vieille Reine?], father of Sasteretsi; Sasterecy attended and addressed a council at Detroit, August 6, 1707, where Cadillac promised to put Odawa Chief Le Pesant to death; Sasteretsi, principal Huron chief, Deer clan, lived in the small village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747 census; Sastaredzy signed a letter dated September 9, 1750; Sasterredsey, Huron chief, was an ally of Pontiac in the siege of Detroit in 1763; Sasteregi, chief of the Sandusky Wyandot, attended and signed a treaty of peace at the Lake Erie Camp at L'Ance aux Feuilles [near Dunkirk, New York], August 12, 1764 (Blair vol. I: 252-254, vol. II: 136; Lajeunesse: 35-37; MPHSC vol. XXXIII: 333-335; PSWJ vol. XI: 177, 330). 'My father, we have always told you that we would follow in your footsteps; you will always be our guide. We are your obedient children, we are under your wing, you have given us good land; we are greatly indebted to you. Be assured that nothing could ever make us quit this land and that we shall never depart from what you wish of us'—Detroit, August 9, 1707 (MPHSC vol. XXXIII: 335).

Sas-ta-rit-sie (1) / Adario / Sastareche / Kondiaronk / The Rat [born c.1649; died August 2, 1701 at Montréal], principal Wyandot/Huron/Tionnontaté chief, Deer tribe, Esountennonk clan; Kondiaronk negotiated with Frontenac; Sastaretsi / Kondiaronk / Adario / The Rat lived at Michilimakinac; Adario attacked a Five Nations peace delegation on Lake Ontario in 1688; The Rat went to the Iroquois in 1689 and proposed the destruction of the Odawa Nation at Michilimakinac, the plan was discovered; he converted to Catholicism around 1695; he became leader of the pro-French faction of the Hurons; Kondiaronk attended an armistice at Montreal in 1700; Le Rat attended and spoke at the Great Peace Council at Montreal from July 25, 1701; he died after addressing the council on August 1, and was given a state funeral. 'Let it not be in a forced or insincere way that you ask him [Onontio] for peace; for my part I return to him the hatchet he had given me, and lay it at his feet. Who will be so bold as to take it up?...[and] that their [the Iroquois] hands were covered with the blood of our allies, that the allies flesh was even still between their teeth, that their lips were gory with it, it was well known that they were trying to hide what was in their hearts...'—Montréal, 1700 (DCB vol. II: 322).

ÌSas-ta-rit-sie (2) [fl. 1778; died sometime between 1790 & 1801], Wendat/ Wyandot/Huron principal chief; Sastakaritze, Wyandot chief, attended a council at Detroit with Lieutenant Governor Hamilton, June 14-20, 1778; Sasterratzeé, Wyandot Nation, returned to Detroit from Niagara with belts from the Five Nations in October, 1779; Sastaritze / Sastaratsi attended and spoke at a council at Detroit, April 26, 1781; Suts-taw-ra-tse, Wyandot chief, lived opposite Amherstburg at Gibraltar, Michigan; Sas- ta-rit-sie, principal Huron chief, attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790 where he signed [with a Deer Head totem] Surrender #2, south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor; sometime after 1790 head Wyandot Chief Sut-staw-ra-tse summoned a Wyandot council at Brownstown where the Wyandot archives were kept by Chief Ta-hou-ne-ha-wie-tie (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002; PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1; Clarke: 37, 53, 66; Leighton: app. B4; MPHSC vol. IX: 449, vol. X: 371, 472, vol. XIII: 90, vol. XX: 308, 693). 'Brothers—you must have heard of the arrival of one of our Father's Vessels from Niagara, where in were our Brothers the Six Nations - Two of their Chiefs told us that they now hoped that the Nations of this place would open their ears & attend to what was good, Ca-ya-shu-ta who is now present, has animated us with his discourse, he added, that it was from us he looked out for assistance, after that of his Father'—Detroit, April 26, 1781 (PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13).

From Surrender #2 (1790). PAC RG10, Vol. 1840, IT 002).

Sasteretsi [born Michel Satarexi at Detroit on October 4, 1711; died at Québec in 1746], Tionnontaté chief, Catholic, pro-French, the son of Michael Sastarexi and Datyriz [La Vieille Reine]; Sasteretsy sent a message to the Marquis de Beauharnois, August 12, 1738 about the hostility of the tribes around the Hurons at Detroit, and the attack of the Odawas; Sastaretsy was addressed by Beauharnois at Detroit on June 12, 1741 about his request [with Orontony and Tayetchatin] to move to Quebec; Sastartsy replied to Beauharnois on June 13; he lived near at Detroit, June 23, 1746; Sasteretsi became an opponent of Wyandot chiefs Orontony and Angirot; Sastaredzy travelled to Québec in 1746 for a conference with the French (Clifton 1983: 7-9; MPHSC vol. XXXIV: 191-193, 198, 204, 336-337).

Sawainchik / Sawarnenik / Sawameneck [fl. 1784], Mississauga/Ojibwa chief; negotiated and signed an indenture which eventually became Surrender #3, Niagara River to Port Bruce [Catfish Creek], May 22, 1784 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 5; Fraser: 486, 488).

Scashineme [fl. 1783], Ojibwa chief; signed the Ainse deed, north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] near Chatham, October 11, 1783 (Fraser: 173).

Baptiste Schuyler [born at the Oneida Castle, New York in 1814; fl. 1852-1872], Oneida of the Thames chief; signed Surrender #127, Canadian Southern Railway right of way, January 17, 1872 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Canada 1891 vol. I: 296).

Moses Schuyler [born at the Oneida Castle, New York in 1777; fl. 1848-1852], Oneida Nation and Oneida Settlement hereditary and head chief in 1850, married to Dolly [born at the Oneida Castle, New York in 1783]; signed Surrender #233, Oneida Settlement purchase, December 20, 1848 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Canada 1891 vol. II: 187; Goodspeed: 18).

Nellie Schuyler [born at the Oneida Castle, New York in 1835; fl. 1848-1852], Oneida Nation, daughter of William Schuyler [born at the Oneida Castle, New York in 1800; fl. 1852] and Elizabeth Schuyler [born at the Oneida Castle, New York in 1801; fl. 1852]; she married Baptist Sumner on July 17, 1848 but lived with her parents at Delaware in 1852 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Goodspeed: 26).

Seckas / Sekahos [fl. 1763-1795], Thames River community, Ojibwa war and civil chief, Beaver clan; commanded Thames River, Grand River and Kettle Creek warriors in the Beaver War; around May 2, 1763 his community received a war belt and an invitation from Pontiac to a secret council at Detroit - on May 11, Pontiac informed the French community that the Ojibwas of the Askunessippi were coming to join him; Sekahos / Cékaos / Cékaas, principal Saulteux chief of the Askunessippi or Thames River, arrived at Detroit with 120 warriors, Saturday, May 21, 1763; he may have been in the force that attacked Lieutenant Cuyler at Point Pelee on May 28, 1763 and captured several bateaux; he may have been in the force that captured 11 traders and 3 barges of supplies at the Grand River on June 2, 1763; on June 8 about 45 warriors, the remainder of Sekahos / Sekakos community, arrived; he took part in the Seige of Detroit, to October 31, 1763, when he left for the fall hunt; he was in contact with Pontiac in mid-August 1764 when he agreed to attack the English if the French would support them; Sickaho visited Jehu Hay at Detroit with some young warriors on August 30, 1767, other young warriors from his community visited Niagara around the same time; after the murder of Ojibwa warrior Wandagan and two Ojibwa women on Kettle Creek on May 15, 1771, it was feared that warriors from Seckas community would go to Lake Erie to take revenge on the British - possible war was offset by British presents; Sec-ca-ha, Ojibwa Village chief, attended a council at Detroit with Lieutenant Governor Hamilton, June 14-20, 1778; old Sekahos, Mississauga chief, attended a council at Sindaton's village, south of Detroit, December 18, 1786, his name was pronounced See-KAH-hoes [according to Eckert]; Seckas, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Bird totem] the Jonathon Schieffelin deed, north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] from Chatham to London, September 20, 1788; Se- caw, Odawa chief, signed the US Greenville Treaty, August 3, 1795; he was probably succeeded by Chief Nawiseseneby (PAO MU 2099 OS 1-4; US 1837: 54; Eckert: 295, 727; Ferris: 25; Goodspeed: 23; Lajeunesse: lxxviii; Parkman vol. II: 272; Peckham: 149, 182, 254; Quaife 1958: 24, 61, 91, 128-129; Schmalz: 72, 91-92; MPHSC vol. VIII: 297, 313, 673-674, vol. IX: 442, vol. XX: 417; PSWJ vol. V: 674-675). Seckahos = Kahosod / Giwsed = hunter (Rita Sands, Jake Noganosh, etc. pers. com., Walpole Island). 'Father I only come today with these young men to take you by the hand, it being Some time Since wee Saw you, we beg you may let us know if you have heard any news from Niagara by the last Vessell or by any Other occation; of any of the Six Nations having been kill'd that way'— Detroit, August 30, 1767 (PSWJ, vol. V: 675).

From PAO, MU 2099 - 1788.

See-gau-ge-wau [fl. 1807], Ojibwa; signed the US Treaty of Detroit ceding the west half of Lake St. Clair, etc., November 17, 1807 (US 1837: 136; Leighton: app. B1).

David Seneca [fl. 1872-1883], Ojibwa Nation, Muncey community; signed: Surrender #126, Canadian Southern Railway right of way, January 18, 1872, and Surrender #205, hunting agreement, July 25, 1883 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 294, vol. II: 137).

Isaac Seneca [fl. 1883], Ojibwa Nation, Muncey community; signed Surrender #210, September 28, 1883 (Canada 1891 vol. II: 146).

Moses Seneca [born in 1842 on the Thames River; fl. 1883], Ojibwa Nation, Muncey community, son of Peter and Hannah; signed Surrender #205, hunting agreement, July 25, 1883 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Canada 1891 vol. II: 139).

Peter Seneca [born on the Thames River in 1820; fl. 1861-1872], Delaware/Munsee Nation, Upper Thames River [Muncey] community, married to Hannah [born on the Thames River in 1822; fl. 1861]; his son John Seneca [born on the Thames River in 1837, killed c.1865] was induced by a man from Mount Brydges to go to the U.S.; while there John Seneca was drafted into the Union Army and killed in the American Civil War - Peter Seneca attacked the Mount Brydges man in September, 1870; Peter Seneca signed Surrender #126, Canadian Southern Railway right of way, January 18, 1872 (PAC Canada 1851-52; PAC Canada 1861; Canada 1891 vol. I: 294; Goodspeed: 24).

Sentouanne / Sent8anne [fl. 1747], Wendat/ Wyandot/Huron or Tionnontaté Nation; lived in the large village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747 census (Lajeunesse: 35-37).

Shabbona / Shab-o-nee / Shaubena / Shawbeneh / Chambly / Chamblee / Burly Shoulders [born c.1775; died near Chicago July 17, 1859], Odawa war chief / Pottawatomie chief by marriage, he married the daughter of Pottawatomie Chief Spatke; Shabinee, Pottawatomie chief, St. Joseph community and Shee- bai-nee, Pottawatomie chief, attended a council at Detroit, June 14, 1778; grand-nephew of Pontiac; joined Tecumseh in 1807, supporter of Tenskwatawa; lived at Tippecanoe and on the Illinois River in 1807; Shawbeneh, Pottawatomie chief at the Battle of Moraviantown, October 5, 1813, said to have carried Tecumseh from the field; defended Makinac Island in 1814; in 1832 Sha-bo-na acted as a guide for General Atkins in his pursuit of Makaimeshshekaikaik, as a consequence he was removed as chief by his Nation; Shayono, Pottawatomie chief, signed the US Treaty of Chicago, September 27, 1833, which led to the removal of the Pottawatomie Nation from Michigan; he signed the US Treaties of Illinois, 1829-1833; ally of Billy Caldwell; he moved west of the Mississippi River in October 1836; returned to Grundy County, Illinois, where he died (US 1837: 584; Drake: 200; Gilbert: 33, 99-101; Peckham: 317-318; Sugden: 116-117; Tanner: 117, 119, 139; MPHSC vol. IX: 443; OAHS vol. IX: 29-31). '[Tecumseh] engaged with a foot soldier: the soldier having run his bayonet through Tecumseh's leather coat near the hips, and the latter trying to disengage himself from the bayonet with his sabre in his hand when a horseman rode up and shot him through the head...'—as told to Thomas Forsyth 1816 (Sugden: 163).

Isaac Shah-wah-no [fl. 1866], Ojibwa Nation, Sarnia community, son of Shah- wa-wan-noo(?); signed Surrender #107, December 13, 1866 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 252).

Shah-wa-wan-noo / Shawonoe / O- shuh-wuh-noo / Ohawwanoo [fl. 1812-1858], Ojibwa chief, Walpole Island community; according to Eckert, Shawonoe lived at Upper Rock Lake in July, 1812; he was reputed to have been second in command and aide-de-camp to Tecumseh; Shah-wa-wan-noo lived on Walpole Island after the war; Ozhauounon, Ojibwa chief, Sarnia community, signed [with a Turtle(?) totem] a petition to the Queen in 1838 objecting to the illegal surrender of Indian lands; Shawanaw signed Surrender #53½, Moore Township, August 18, 1843; Shah-wa-wan-noo was visited at Walpole Island by Richardson in 1848, and provided Richardson with a letter, dated October 28, 1848, detailing the last moments of Tecumseh's life, as recounted by Shaw-an-abb, an old Indian resident of Walpole Island, and an intimate friend of Tecumseh's; Shah-wa-wan-noo Walpole Island chief, received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812; Shawanon signed Surrender #59, Moore Township, August 18, 1849; Oshuk-wuh-noo signed Surrender #85, for Peach Island, Detroit River, July 21, 1857; O-shuh-wuh-noo signed Surrender #86, for Keshabahahnelegoo Mensha Island, St. Clair River, July 21, 1857; Ohawwanoo, Ojibwa chief of the Kettle Point / Au Sables community, a non-Christian, actively resisted British Indian Department efforts to relocate his community to the Sarnia Reserve by interfering with Department census taking (PAC RG10 vol. 1842; Canada 1858; Canada 1891 vol. 1: 128, 147, 220-221; Casselman: 242; Eckert: 589; Richardson: 52-55, 99; Schmalz: 136; Sugden: 152-153, 256). Shah-wa-wan-noo = Southerner (Richardson: 99); Shawanoe = Shawnee. '...Tecumseh was riding on horseback, encouraging his Indians to engage the enemy, when a shot from the Yankees struck him under the fifth rib. Tecumseh, aware of the fatal character of the wound, and resolved not to die unavenged, advanced towards the enemy - threw himself off his horse, and being armed with three pistols, took one in each hand, and fired, having discharged the third, he drew his sword, which he used efficiently, as long as strength remained. Being soon exhausted with loss of blood, he fell to the ground, and an American dispatched him with a stroke of an axe; and as proof that he had killed the renowned Tecumseh, cut a piece out of his (Tecumseh's) thigh, to show to his superiors....Tecumseh was buried under a large tree - the tree having been previously cut down - the stump was six feet high. It was hewn on four sides, and there was written on these, in characters well understood by the Indians, the number of persons whom he had killed with his tomahawk.—As retold to Richardson by Shah-wa-wan- noo, October 28, 1848, Walpole Island (Richardson: 52-53).

Shanaduc [fl. 1780-1796], Odawa/Ojibwa chief; Shanaduc, Ojibwa chief, signed the Ainse deed, north side of the Thames River from Lake St. Clair to Chatham, September 19, 1780; Chi-man-duck / Chimanduck, Odawa chief, attended a Detroit council, April 26, 1781; Shiminduck, Odawa chief, attended a conference at Detroit, May 21, 1781; Shunaduck, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Bear(?) totem] a Sally Ainse declaration, for land near Chatham, July 13, 1791; Shemmendock / Shimindock, Odawa chief, witnessed [with a Fork totem] Surrender #6, London Township, Surrender #7, Sombra Township, and accompanying maps, September 7, 1796 (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 021-IT 025, IT 027-IT 028; RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 17, 19; Fraser: 171-172; Leighton: app. B5, B8a; MPHSC vol. X: 472, vol. XIII: 90).

From Surrender #7 (1796). PAC RG10, Vol. 1840, IT 027.

Anthony Shane [fl. 1813 onwards; died June 11, 1834], son of a white man and a Shawnee woman (she was related to Tecumseh); he was with the US forces at the Battle of Moraviantown [Fairfield], October 5, 1813; Anthony Shane, a half blood Odawa, was given a section of land on the east side of the Auglaize River at St. Mary's in the US peace treaty of the Miami Rapids on September 29, 1817; he was an interpreter for the Shawnee Nation from 1830 to 1834 (US 1837: 216; Sugden: 36-37, 140-141; MPHSC vol. XVI: 671).

Sha-she-vay [fl. 1848], Ojibwa warrior, Walpole Island community; in 1848 he received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812 (Richardson: 100). Sha-she-vay = Drake (Richardson: 100).

Sha-tey-ya-ron-ya / Leatherlips [fl. 1794 onwards, executed on the Scioto River, Ohio, June 1, 1809], Detroit area Huron/ Wyandot chief; carried messages between US officials and the Wyandot Nation in February, 1795; Sha-tey-ya-ron-ya signed the US Greenville Treaty, August 3, 1795; he opposed Tecumseh around 1805, preferring neutrality; Leatherlips was accused of witchcraft by the Shawnee prophet Tenskwatawa and his followers; after a council of two or three hours he was executed by Wyandot Chief Ted-y- a-ta, who had travelled directly from Tippecanoe to Chief Leatherlips' camp on the Scioto River, 12 miles above Columbus, Ohio, June 1, 1809; Hull received a speech from the Lower Sandusky Wyandot chiefs Leather-lips and The Bowl on January 2, 1810 (US 1837: 54; Cruikshank vol. III: 282; Drake: 118-119; Gray: 198; DCB vol. V: 775; MPHSC vol. XX: 416, vol. XXV: 87, vol. XXXX: 309; OAHS vol. IX: 14-19).

Shau-gun [fl. 1848], Ojibwa chief, Walpole Island community; in 1848 he received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812 (Richardson: 100) Shau-gun = Dart (Richardson: 100).

Shaukeens [fl. 1867-1870], Ojibwa Nation, Kettle Point community; Shaukeens was not a Christian in 1867; married to Tabitha; in 1870 their children [Stephen, Emma, Sutton, Esther, Alice, Talfourd and Wesley] were named and baptised at Kettle Point (Wilson: 27, 33, 56-58).

Sutton Shaukeens [fl. 1903], Ojibwa Nation, Kettle Point and Stoney Point community, the son of Shaukeens and Tabitha Shaukeens; he was baptised at Kettle Point in 1867; Sutton Shawkens signed: Surrender #479, Sarnia, Petrolia & St. Thomas Railway right of way, June 22, 1903, Surrender #480, part of the Sarnia Reserve, August 24, 1903, and Surrender #478, Erie and Huron Railway right of way, September 20, 1903 (Canada 1891 vol. III: 388, 391, 394; Wilson: 58).

Tabitha Shaukeens [fl. 1867-1869], Ojibwa Nation, Kettle Point community, the wife of Shaukeens and the mother of Sutton Shaukeens; she was baptised Tabitha after a series of illnesses in 1869 (Wilson: 56-58).

Shaushamoinitise [fl. 1843], Ojibwa Nation; lived on the Upper St. Clair Reserve, January 20, 1843 (Canada 1847 no. 20).

Shau-squa-ge-wan / Showsquagewan [fl. 1825], Ojibwa chief, Sarnia community; signed Surrender #27½, Watford area, April 26, 1825 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 65; Leighton: app. B8).

Shawanah, Ojibwa Nation; signed Surrender #251, part of Sarnia Reserve, May 6, 1885 (Canada 1891: vol. II: 227).

Shawanase [fl. 1764-1797], Odawa chief, northern Lake Huron community; Chavoinon / Shawawnon, Odawa chief, allied to Pontiac, parleyed at Fort Detroit, May 8, 1763; Odawa Chief Showannisse / Shawwamusse attended a conference with foreign Nations at Niagara with William Johnson, July 9-14, 1764; he was one of three Saguinan / Odawa chiefs who surrendered the murderers of trader Pond to the English in May, 1773; Sha-waa-ni-ssey, Ojibwa Village chief, attended a council at Detroit, June 14, 1778; Shawenabe told Selby on October 12, 1797, that he wished to winter at the Chennail Ecarte with his community (MPHSC vol. VIII: 277; vol. IX: 442; vol. XXV: 157; PSWJ vol. IV: 468, vol. VIII: 787, vol. XI: 264).

Shawanakiskie [fl. 1813 onwards; hanged c.1826], Odawa Nation; retreated from the Detroit area with Proctor in 1813; "in the fall of 1821 he killed an Indian woman in the streets of Amherstburg." For this act he was jailed on October 27 in Sandwich [Windsor]. At his trial, which was conducted exclusively in English without a translator, the defence argued that Shawanakiskie had killed to avenge the murder of his parent, and that the exercise of Native laws was guaranteed by treaty. Nonetheless he was found guilty and sentenced to death. He was probably hanged in 1826. (DCB vol. VI: 705-706).

Cornelius Shawanoo [fl. 1903], Ojibwa Nation, Kettle Point and Stoney Point communities; signed Surrender #478, Erie and Huron Railway right of way, September 20, 1903, and Surrender #480, part of Sarnia Reserve, August 24, 1903 (Canada 1891 vol. III: 387, 393).

Shawanoonce [fl. 1875], Ojibwa Nation, Walpole Island community, related to Edward Nahdee or Shah-wa-wan-noo(?); signed Surrender #144, June 17, 1875 (Canada 1891 vol. II: 7).

Shaw-gi-nosh / Shawginosh [fl. 1798-1833], Ojibwa chief; Shonquesh, Ojibwa chief, signed [with an Otter totem] a deed to William Thorn Junior for land on the east shore of the St. Clair River, August 28, 1798; Shagenash, Ojibwa chief of Chennail Ecarte, attended a council at Amherstburg to negotiate Surrender #21, October 16, 1818; Shawginosh, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #27½, Watford area, April 26, 1825; Saganash, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #29, Sarnia to Goderich, July 10, 1827; Shaungwaish, Ojibwa warrior signed [with an Otter(?) totem] a petition to the Queen in 1838 objecting to the illegal surrender of Indian lands; Shaugwash, Ojibwa Nation; lived on the Upper St. Clair Reserve [Sarnia] on January 20, 1843 (PAC RG10 vol. 1842; PAO RG1 A-1-7 vol. 8 env. 1 03535; Canada 1847: no. 20; Canada 1891 vol. I: 65, 71; Leighton: app. B8, B8a; Schmalz: 136; MPHSC vol. XVI: 643).

From PAO, RG1, A-1-7, Vol. 8, Env.1: 03535 (1798).

Shaw-win-penence / Shawiney-penincy [fl. 1774-1838], Shanowa-Pincey, principal Odawa chief at Detroit, signed [with a Sturgeon totem] an indenture granting an island in the Detroit River [half a league from Hog Island] to Alexis Masonville in 1774; Chachawenepish, Ojibwa chief, sold [with a Perching Bird totem] land on the northwest side of Lake St. Clair to May, McNiff and Harsen, February 4, 1797; Shawanipinisie, Ojibwa chief of the Sault Ste Marie area, signed Surrender #11, St. Joseph Island, St. Mary's River, June 30, 1798; Sawanabenase / Pe-che- ga-bu-a / Grand Blanc, chief, lived between Detroit and Saginaw, and signed the US Treaty of Detroit ceding the west half of Lake St. Clair, etc., November 17, 1807; Shawshaw, Ojibwa chief of Chennail Ecarte, attended a council at Amherstburg to negotiate Surrender #21, October 16, 1818; Shaw-wine-penence, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #27½, Watford area, April 26, 1825; Shawshawini- bissie, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #29, Sarnia to Goderich, July 10, 1827; he was the senior Ojibwa chief of Walpole Island / Lake St. Clair in 1830; Shahshahwahnebeesh, Ojibwa warrior; signed [with a Bird totem] a petition to the Queen in 1838 objecting to the illegal surrender of Indian lands (PAC Canada RG10 vol. 1842; ser. II, C1224, vol. 16: 117-120; Canada 1847, no. 20; Canada 1891 vol. I: 65, 71; US 1837: 136; Leighton: app. B1, B8, B8a; Schmalz: 136; Tanner: 135; Taylor app. A: Penance decl.; MPHSC vol. VIII: 498-500, vol. XVI: 643).

ÌShè-bense [fl. 1778-1836], Pottawatomie chief; Shee-bai-nee, Pottawatomie chief, attended a council at Detroit with Lieutenant Governor Hamilton, June 14-20, 1778; Chibins, Pottawatomie chief, attended a council at Detroit, April 26, 1781; Sapanse signed an Ainse receipt for land on the north side of Askunessippi from the mouth to Chatham, November 20, 1788; Shè-bense, principal Pottawatomie chief, attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed Surrender #2, south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor [Clifton states this name is not a regular clan eponym and that all that can be said about Shè-bense is that he was associated with Alexander McKee]; Chebanse, lived at the Yellow River; Chibanse, Pottawatomie chief from St. Joseph, visited Mackinac in January 1814 for supplies, he was getting ready to attack Fort Wayne; participated in the defense of Mackinac Island with the British, July 26, 1814; Chepens, Pottawatomie principal chief, Anderdon community, claimed part of the Huron Reserve in 1836 (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002; PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1; Berton 1981: 310; Clifton 1975: 42, 58-59; Leclair 1988a: 42; Leighton: app. B4; MPHSC vol. IX: 443, vol. X: 472, vol. XIII: 90).

Shee-ko-maig / Marsh Fish [fl. 1827], Pottawatomie chief; signed the US Treaty for lands in eastern Michigan, September 19, 1827 (US 1837; Leighton: app. B3).

ÌShe-hou-wa-te-mon [fl. 1790-1809], principal Huron chief; attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed Surrender #2 [with a Clawed Foot totem], south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor; Show-han- wit / Black Chief, Wyandot chief, Sandusky community, endorsed speeches from the Wyandot chiefs to US Governor Hull asking for more land, September 30, 1809 (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002; PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1; Lajeunesse: 173; Leighton: app. B4; MPHSC vol. XXXX: 307).

From Surrender #2 (1790). PAC RG10, Vol. 1840, IT 002.

Shempoo / Big Snake [fl. 1817], Shawnee/ Shaouanon chief; he signed the US peace treaty at the Miami Rapids, September 29, 1817 - he received a tract of land at Wapighkonetta (US 1837: 216).

Sheneau [fl. 1788], Ojibwa chief; signed the Jonathon Schieffelin deed [with a Crane totem], north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] from Chatham to London, September 20, 1788 (PAO MU 2099 OS 1-4).

From PAO, MU 2099 - 1788.

Shetoon / Isadore Chene [fl. 1763-1812], Métis/Wyandot/Huron/Tionnontaté chief of Flat Rock [across the Detroit River from Amherstburg], interpreter / British agent / militia officer, Isadore Chene was a Métis - he may have been She-hou-wa- te-mon, or his son, born by a French woman; he was the younger brother of Elleopolle [Miny / Mini] Chaine; Isadore Chaine broke down when he was told that his brother Miny and some Odawas had captured a British merchant and robbed him during the seige of Detroit, May 12 or 13, 1763; Isidore Chêne was a witness to a wedding in the parish of Assumption, June 7, 1766; Isadore Chéne witnessed the Réaume deed of June 10, 1776, Windsor; J. Sidorechene (Sid-dor-shien) witnessed the Kitché-minishen [Grosse Île] deed of July 6, 1776; Isidore Chesne was an interpreter at the Detroit councils of June 14 & 29, 1778; Captain Isador Chaine led the attack on Boonesboro, September 5, 1778, he returned to Detroit around September 12; Isidore Chene witnessed the Jacob Schieffelin deed of September 20, 1778; Sieur Isidore Chesne was called "a dangerous man whom it is necessary to know as the officers of the militia," in a British intelligence report of 1780; Isidore Chesne was an interpreter for the Odawas, etc. at the Detroit council of April 26, and at a conference at Detroit with the Sandusky Wyandots, October 10, 21 & 28, 1781; J. Chesne was an interpreter for the Delawares at a Detroit council of December 8, 1781; Captain Chéne delivered provisions to Ohio in January, 1782; Isidore Chesne was an interpreter for the Mascoutens at a Detroit council of February 25, 1782, and interpreter at a Detroit council of May 15, 1782; Chesne was an interpreter at a Detroit council of April 24, 1783; interpreter for the Odawas and Ojibwas at a council at Lower Sandusky on September 6, 1783; lot #8 [4 acres] on the south shore of the Detroit River, near its mouth, was surveyed for Isidore Chene on March 25, 1785; Isadore Chene was an interpreter at the Detroit council of May 19, 1790, where Surrender #2 was negotiated and signed; according to Goltz, Shetoon / Isadore Chaine, a mixed-blood Huron, who sometimes lived at Amherstburg, and who worked as an interpreter near Fort Wayne for the British, represented the Hurons from the Western District at the Massinawa Council, May 15, 1812; he carried a black war belt from the British and, although the council agreed to co-operate with the US, he secretly advised Tecumseh to restrain his followers and to stock-pile weapons and food; Esidore Chaine, Huron Nation, reported to Claus about Tecumseh and the council shortly before June 16, 1812 (Clarke: 88-98; Eckert: 148-150, 571, 767; Edmunds: 165-167; Goltz 1973: 325-326; Goltz 1983: 28; Lajeunesse: 66, 160-161, 345; MPHSC vol. IX: 442, 452, vol. X: 472, 527, 542, 547, 550, 576, vol. XIII: 42, 89-90, 93, vol. XV: 88-89, vol. XIX: 585, 635-636, 648, vol. XX: 176, vol. XXV: 147, vol. XXVII: 633, vol. XXXV: 581, 585). 'I received some branches of porcelaine [wampum] from the chief of the grand Huron village by which they ask help in the same terms as the Chaouenons. We heard that the chiefs of the different villages sent to distribute the ammunition & other thing[s] to those from whom they were intended. The Indians trouble us much & threaten to leave us if I do not give them bread & Pork & allow them to go, as is their custom have a small action & return'—letter from Isadore Chêne to De Peyster, Sandusky, May 20, 1781 (MPHSC vol. XIX: 635).

She-we-tau-gun [fl. 1848-1849], Ojibwa warrior / chief, Sarnia community; in 1848 he received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812; Shewitogan, Upper Reserve [Sarnia] chief, signed [with a Fish totem] a letter to the Upper Reserve Indian Agent, September 6, 1849 (PAC RG10 vol. 436; Richardson: 101). She-we-tau-gun = Salt (Richardson: 101).

Shignebeck [born c.1720; died c.1830 at the age of 107], Ojibwa chief, brother of Chief Annamakance, father of three sons including Ogotig and Onsha, and a daughter, Old Mother Rodd, who died in 1870; son of Chief Kioscance (Goodspeed: 23).

Shingas [fl. 1752 onwards; probably died from smallpox contracted from infected British blankets in July 1763 {the blankets had been given to the Delaware as an early form of germ warfare}], Delaware civil chief and leader of the Western Delaware Nation, Turkey clan; the name means "boggy or marshy ground overgrown with grass"; brother of Delaware Chiefs Tamaqua [King Beaver] and Pisquetomen, nephew of Chief Sasoonan [Alumapees] of the Schuykill Delaware; became chief in 1752; he was chosen to negotiate at Logstown in the same year; led marauding warriors in 1755; the Governor of Pennsylvania set a price of £200 for the scalp of Chingas / Shingask in 1756; the Delaware divided into 2 divisions about this time, Chief Teedyuscung leading the Eastern Delaware Nation; he attended a council at Kuskuski in 1758; he was succeeded by Chief Tamaqua in 1761; Shingass conferred with McKee on October 14, 1762 at Tuskawaras; Shingos-Whey-ondohila delivered a belt to Thomas Calhoun on June 1, 1763, declaring the lack of involvement of the Delaware in the conflict between Indians and the English; King Shingess was listed in the war losses of David Franks on August 19, 1766 (Goddard 1978a: 223; Jennings: 260, 266, 395, 448; Kjellberg: 22; MPHSC vol. XIX: 186, 682, 684, PSWJ vol. V: 355, vol. X: 576). '...ordinarily face-to-face contact with an infected person is required to transmit the disease;...Variola virus may contaminate clothing, bedding, dust or other inanimate objects and remain infectious for months' (Braunwald et al: 687).

Shinguaconse / Shingwakoonse / Shingwahkoons / Shingwahcooce / Shingwacouse / Little Pine / The Pine / Small Pine [born c.1773; died 1854], medicine man / principal elected Ojibwa civil chief and war chief of the Garden River tribe, son of an Ojibwa woman and a Scottish army officer; lived on the north shore of Lake Huron near Sault Sainte Marie in 1837; led warriors in the War of 1812 at the fall of Michilimakinac, Fort Malden and at the Battle of Moraviantown [Fairfield], October 5, 1813; he converted to Christianity after the War, he was christened Levi; Shingaux / Cedar, Ojibwa chief, signed the US peace treaty at the Miami Rapids, September 29, 1817; Shingwackhouse, Ojibwa orator, stopped Sessaba's anti-US protest in July 1820 on the Saint Mary's River; visited by Peter Jones [Kahkewaquonaby] on June 11, 1832 - he expressed to Jones the desire for a Christian mission to his community; addressed Bond Head in January, 1836 [objecting to the cutting of timber on Indian lands]; visited by Jameson in 1837; he attended the Grand Council on Manitoulin Island on August 1 of the same year; Shinguakouce / Shinguacouse signed Surrender #61, north shore of Lake Huron to Lake Superior, September 9, 1850; William Shingwacooce (son?) signed Surrender #91b, part of the Garden River Reserve, June 10, 1859 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 149, 227; US 1837: 216; Armstrong, J.: 64; Jameson: 479-482, 500; Kahkewaquonaby 1860: 362-363; Petrone: 48, 64-65; Rogers: 763; Schmalz: 114; Tanner: 132; MPHSC vol. XII: 610-611, vol. XVI: 675). '...Father! Time wore on and you have become a great people, whilst we have melted away like snow beneath an April sun; our strength is wasted, our countless warriors dead, our forests laid low, you have hounded us from every place as with a wand, you have swept away all our pleasant land, and like some giant foe you tell us "willing or unwilling, you must go from amid these rocks and wastes, I want them now! I want them to make rich my white children, whilst you may shrink away to holes and caves like starving dogs to die!"'—letter to Lord Elgin c.1849 (Petrone: 64).

Shipukinaka [killed at the Battle of Moraviantown {Fairfield}, October 5, 1813], Kickapoo chief (Sugden: 133).

Shoquona / Sho-quo-na [fl. 1825], Ojibwa chief; signed: Surrender #27½, Watford area, April 26, 1825, and Surrender #29, Sarnia to Goderich, July 10, 1825 (Canada 1891: 65, 71; Leighton: app. B3).

Sho-scopanatia [fl. 1798], Ojibwa chief; signed [with an Otter totem] a deed to William Thorn Junior for land on the east shore of the St. Clair River, August 28, 1798 (PAO RG1 A-1-7 vol. 8 env. 1 03535).

Show-bogezhig [fl. 1875], Ojibwa Nation, Walpole Island community; signed Surrender #144, June 17, 1875 (Canada 1891 vol. II: 7).

Shu-ga-re-ss [fl. 1781], Huron chief, Detroit area; attended a council at Detroit, April 26, 1781 (PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13).

Shuhnoo [fl. 1875], Walpole Island Ojibwa community; signed Surrender #144, June 17, 1875 (Canada 1891 vol. II: 7).

Abraham Shuyler [born at the Oneida Castle, New York in 1797; fl. 1840-1852], Oneida chief, married to Elizabeth [born at the Oneida Castle, New York in 1803; fl. 1852]; he was appointed with August Cornelius to "look for a place for a future abode;" they located a large tract of land on the north side of the Thames River near Muncey; he and Oneida leader William Taylor Doxtator negotiated the original Oneida Settlement land purchase (eventually Surrender #233), March 1840 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Mayer: 7).

Abraham W. Sickles / Abram Stickles [born at the Oneida Castle, New York in 1810; fl. 1839-1884], Oneida leader / chief and Methodist minister, married to Gowin [born at the Oneida Castle, New York in 1816; fl. 1852]; confirmed in a memorial of December 3, 1840 that the Oneida had been told to "sell their land [in the state of New York] and get out or suffer untold consequences"; Abram Sickles negotiated property acquisition for the Oneida settlement near Muncey in 1839 and 1840; assistant missionary at the Oneida Settlement from 1843 to 1870; he signed: Surrender #233, Oneida Settlement purchase, December 20, 1848, and Surrender #197, hunting agreement, August 1, 1884 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Canada 1891 vol. I: 121, vol. II: 189; Goodspeed: 25; Mayer: 7; Riley pers. com.).

Adam Sickles [fl. 1884], Oneida Nation, Oneida Settlement; signed Surrender #197, hunting agreement, August 1, 1884 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 121).

Elijah / Elias Sickles [born at the Oneida Castle, New York in 1840; fl. 1884], Oneida Nation, Oneida Settlement; signed Surrender #197, hunting agreement, August 1, 1884 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Canada 1891 vol. I: 121).

John Sickles / John Stickles [born at the Oneida Castle, New York in 1836; fl. 1872-1892], chief, Oneida of the Thames community, son of Abraham and Gowin Sickles; signed: Surrender #127, Canadian Southern Railway right of way, January 17, 1872, Surrender #197, hunting agreement, August 1, 1884, and Surrender #320, part of Oneida Reserve, June 28, 1892 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Canada 1891 vol. I: 121, 296, vol. III: 70-71).

William Sickles [born at Oneida in 1849; fl. 1884], Oneida of the Thames community, son of Abraham and Gowin Sickles; signed Surrender #197, hunting agreement, August 1, 1884 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Canada 1891 vol. I: 121).

Sigaya [killed at the Battle of Moraviantown {Fairfield}, October 5, 1813], Sac/Sauk warrior (Sugden: 133).

John Simon [born on the Thames River in 1829; fl. 1852-1876], Ojibwa Nation, Muncey community, married to Betsey [born on the Thames River in 1833; fl. 1852], probably the father and mother of John Simon and grandparents of John Simon [d.1970] and Sylvester Simon / Wenmaag, southern Ontario horseshoe champions; John Simon signed: Surrender #126, Canadian Southern Railway right of way, January 18, 1872, and Surrender #154, August 31, 1876 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Canada 1891 vol. I: 294, vol. II: 30; Riley pers. com.; Simon pers. com.; Mary Sturgeon / Gitchimaanii pers. com.).

Peter Simon / Old Simon [born in 1777 at Long Point; died 1875], Ojibwa, Muncey of the Thames community, married to Lucy [born on the Thames River in 1807; fl. 1852], they were the parents of John and Peter Simon [born on the Thames River in 1827; fl. 1852]; he served with Tecumseh at the Battle of Moraviantown [Fairfield], October 5, 1813; he lived at Muncey in 1852 where he farmed 8 acres of land (PAC Canada 1851-52; Goodspeed: 22; Petrone: 55).

Sindaton [fl. 1780-1809], Wendat/Wyandot/ Huron or Tionnontaté chief, Turtle tribe [Turtle totem had a cross on its back and one on its right flipper]; Sindaton, Huron/ Wyandot chief, signed the deed for a gift of land on the Detroit River to Father Potier, at Detroit, September 22, 1780; Cimrathon, principal Huron chief, attended a council with De Peyster at Detroit, July 29, 1781; Sindatton, Huron chief, attended and spoke at a council at Detroit, October 10, 1781; Sindaton attended and spoke at Detroit councils, October 21 and November 9, 1781; T'Sindatton attended and spoke at a Detroit council, May 15, 1782; Sindaton, Wyandot chief, attended and spoke at a council at Detroit, September 6, 1783; Syndotan, Huron chief, attended and spoke at councils at Detroit, October 21-22, 1783; Sindathon attended a grand council at his village, south of Detroit, December 18, 1786; Shendeta met with and addressed St. Clair on the Muskingum, December 29 1788 to January 6, 1789, to negotiate the Fort Harmar treaty (PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Eckert: 295; MPHSC vol. X: 472, 527, 577, vol. XIII: 43, 96, vol. XX: 176, 180-181, vol. XXXX: 307; OAHS vol. III: 13-16). 'Father! I arise to tell you that I want water to sharpen your ax and I shall sing the War Song although one half of my people are already killed by the Enemy'—Detroit, May 15, 1782 (MPHSC vol. X: 577). 'It is not long since you pleas'd us & cleans'd our Hearts from Grief at the News you deliver'd as of Peace Whereby our minds were at ease & settled. But all of a sudden that Tranquility was disturbed by the unfair dealings of Mr. Scheifflin. The Great God knows all as for me I was amaz'd when I heard of his doings. I was stupify'd like a man that a great stone had fallen upon'—Detroit, October 21, 1783. (PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13).

Siskiboa [fl. 1805-1807], Ojibwa shaman, Bear Creek [Sydenham River] community, married to an Ojibwa woman and Anna Justine [fl. 1802-1806], a former Moravian Delaware; he was a neighbour of the Denke Moravian mission on the Sydenham; hostile toward Denke and turned people against him; he threatened the Moravians in December, 1805; Siskiboa visited the Moravians on Bear Creek at the end of March and listened reluctantly; he threatened the Moravians on April 12, 1806; he set up a bark hut [wigwam] and planted crops immediately adjacent to the Denke Mission in June, 1806, he was living there with his wife, son, two daughters and their husbands; Siskiboa's son-in-laws were both from the Upper Thames [Muncey] Ojibwa community; in September, the Denke's pigs got into Siskiboa's fenced garden, he blamed the Denke's for many problems and argued with them about religion; he returned from the St. Clair, where he "had been beaten up by one of his friends in a drunken debauch"; he accused Denke of killing Kajaki; Siskiboa moved into the Denke mission house in 1807 after the Denke's had abandoned it (Denke 1990: 2; Denke 1991: 14; Denke 1993: 4,8-9, 11). 'Only a few days later one heard that he, upon returning to Kitegan, threatened us anew and said: Now he had driven away the teacher and he would kill his livestock and give it to the Indians to eat because he had heard bad words there again. However, he added, `I am afraid!'—Christian Frederick Denke, Bear Creek, April 12, 1806 (Denke 1991: 14). 'What sort of god is that, who takes pity at us?' shouted Siskiboa. 'We don't need any god to take pity on us! Indians who have come from god told us how we should live, and that this will please our god. And so we shall live.' He told us our words were false. The only reason why we had come was to teach school and give the Indians food to eat. There are really two gods, he said, 'one is yours and the other is ours.' —Recorded by Christian Frederick Denke, Bear Creek, September 3rd, 1806 (Denke 1993: 8).

ÌSka-hou-mat [fl. 1790-1807], principal Wendat/Wyandot/Huron chief; attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed Surrender #2 [with an Antler(?) totem], south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor; Ska-ho-mat, Wyandot chief, signed the US Treaty of Detroit ceding the western half of Lake St. Clair, etc., November 17, 1807 (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002; PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1; US 1837: 136; Leighton: app. B1, B4).

Skanaret [fl. 1747-1768], Wendat/Wyandot/ Huron or Tionnontaté; lived in the small village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747 census; Skanarady was a Cayuga chief who attended a conference at Johnson Hall, November 6, 1768 (Lajeunesse: 35-37; PSWJ vol. XII: 628).

ÌSko-neque / Skno-nesque [fl. 1790], principal Pottawatomie chief; attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed Surrender #2 [with a Flying Bird totem], south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor; Clarke spells his name Ska-nas-que, Lajeunesse spells his name Skanesque; Clifton states that this name does not appear to be a regular clan eponym and that all that can be said about Sko-neque is that he was associated with Alexander McKee (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002; PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1; Clarke: 53; Clifton 1975: 58-59; Lajeunesse: 173; Leighton: app. B4).

From Surrender #2 (1790). PAC RG10, Vol. 1840, IT 002.

Skush [fl. 1807-1813], Pottawatomie chief; signed the US Treaty of Detroit ceding the west half of Lake St. Clair, etc., November 17, 1807; on February 5, 1816, Billy Caldwell included Skish / Oškus [a status name, senior moiety leader], Pottawatomie chief from the Michigan-Indiana villages, on a list of Pottawatomie chiefs who were killed or wounded during Proctor's retreat from Amherstburg (US 1837: 136; Clifton 1975: 41; Leighton: app. B1).

Skutache [fl. 1747], Wendat/Wyandot/Huron or Tionnontaté; lived in the small village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747 census (Lajeunesse: 35-37).

Snake [killed at the Battle of Moraviantown {Fairfield}, October 5, 1813], Munsee warrior from Moraviantown (Sugden: 133).

The Snake / Peteasuva [fl. 1774-1792], Shawnee/Shaouanon war chief; head of a Wakatomica town destroyed by US forces in 1774; visited Detroit in January, 1781, where his son was stabbed, waiting for McKee; attended and spoke at the Detroit councils of April 5 and April 26, 1781; Captain John Snake and Captain Thomas Snake were in the force that assembled before Salem, August 10, 1781; The Snake, Shawnee chief, attended the Detroit Councils of January 13 and July 30, 1783, and spoke on July 30; Major Snake and Thomas Snake signed a letter from the Shawanese Towns to Alexander McKee, March 20, 1785; Great Snake, Shawnee chief, lived on the Miami River near Chief Wayapiersenwah in April, 1788 "he was an elderly man, robust and rather corpulent"; Peteasuva, Shawnee chief, gave a speech to American messengers at Wakitumekie, November 8, 1785; Petayo / Petaza attended the Glaize [Defiance, Ohio] General Council, September 30, 1792; The Snake spoke at a council at the foot of the Miamis rapids, October 28, 1792 (Cruikshank vol. I: 219, 225, 229, 242-243; Ridout: 366-367; Tanner: 90; MPHSC vol. X: 452, 464, 473, vol. XIII: 90, 100, vol. XVI: 668, 677, 680, vol. XX: 153-154, vol. XXIV: 25, 485, 492, 497; OAHS vol. VII: 65). 'Brother Brandt, We looked upon you as one of ourselves, and you and the Shawenoes & Delawares spoke across that Council fire as one Man, to the Cornplanter who brought something with him under his Arm. Now, Brother, be strong - You desire us in this quarter and all of those of our Colour to be strong as one Man, we are so, and we have sent some of our people to the Southward to unite them with us - We now desire you to be strong in your quarter you the Six Nations & Chippewas' —Foot of the Miamis Rapids, October 28, 1792 (Cruikshank vol. I: 242).

Captain Snake / Old Snake [born in the U.S. in 1792; fl. 1828-1852], Munsee/Delaware of the Thames chief in 1828, married to Lucy [born on the Thames River in 1797; fl. 1852]; Old Snake, Munsee chief, rejected Christianity with Chief Tommago, April 8th, 1828; Captain Snake, Munsee chief, was visited by Kahkewaquonaby, August 24-25, 1829; Captain Snake was finally baptised in 1838, he was the first convert at Muncey; he moved to Moraviantown [Fairfield] in 1842 and lived there for 2 years; he farmed 22 acres at Muncey in 1852 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Kahkewaquonaby 1860: 118, 130, 252; Weslager: 23; Darryl Stonefish pers. com). 'Brothers, I am happy to see you worship in the way you do. It makes my heart glad. I worship God too. We will hold fast the blessing the Great Spirit has given the Indians. We will worship Pahtahmahwahsing, (our Creator). Both ways of worship are good. We will worship your way and our way. We fear if we forsake our old way of worship, the Great Spirit will be displeased with us. If we knew he would send no evil among us, we would worship with you altogether' —Muncey, August 25, 1829 (Kahkewaquonaby: 252).

James Snake [born in the U.S. in 1782; fl. 1837-1857], Munsee/Shawnee chief and warrior, Muncey community, married Fanny [born at Amherstburg 1812; fl. 1852]; attended a general council at Colborne [Muncey] that appointed Tory John J. Fairchild of London the Captain of the Munsees and Ojibwas, December 14, 1837; Fairchild acted as Captain from that date to February 14, 1838; James Snake moved to Moraviantown [Fairfield] in 1842; he farmed 16 acres at Muncey in 1852; he was a Munsee chief at Moraviantown in 1857 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Gray: 294; Landon: 432; Stonefish pers. com.).

Shoemaker Snake [born in the U.S. in 1802; fl. 1852], Munsee Nation, Upper Thames River [Muncey] community, married Rebecca [born on the Grand River in 1828; fl. 1852], they were the parents of Peter Snake [born on the Thames River in 1839; fl. 1852]; Shoemaker Snake farmed 5 acres at Muncey in 1852 (PAC Canada 1851-52).

Timothy Snake / Timoot [fl. 1812 onwards; died in 1869 at Moraviantown {Fairfield}], Munsee/Shawnee head chief and warrior, born and raised at Moraviantown, father of Joel Snake; fought at the Battle of Moraviantown on October 5, 1813; was said to have been related to Tecumseh and to have carried Tecumseh from the field with Pah- pah-coash, burying him in a secret grave; Timoot made annual visits to this grave with Joseph Pheasant; he lived at Moraviantown in 1857; Timothy Snake signed: Surrender #83, part of Moraviantown, April 9, 1857, and Surrender #83², May 15, 1857; succeeded by Philip Jacobs as head chief at Moraviantown (RCWL VF185; Canada 1891 vol. I: 215, 217; Gray: 294; Stonefish pers. com.).

V.R. Snake [fl. 1882], Delaware Nation, Moraviantown [Fairfield] community; signed Surrender #199, part of Moraviantown, November 13, 1882 (Canada 1891 vol. II: 124).

Sodsiowanne [fl. 1701], Cayuga sachem; attended the Albany Conference with Nansan, July 9-14, 1701; placed southern Ontario hunting grounds under the protection of the British Crown, July 13, 1701 (NYCD vol. IV: 910; Monture pers. com.).

Sonahaowanne / Sonessewanne / Sonochaowanne [fl. 1701], Seneca sachem; attended the Albany Conference with Nansan, July 9-14, 1701; placed southern Ontario hunting grounds under the protection of the British Crown, July 13, 1701; Sonajóana, Seneca chief, attended a council with Johnson at Niagara [about anti-British war belts sent to Detroit by Seneca chiefs], August 1, 1761 (NYCD vol. IV: 898, 907, 910; PSWJ vol. III: 460, 463-464; Monture pers. com.). 'We are all much concerned to find you are so severe upon us, after the honest declaration of innocence which we made to you, However as it has not given you sufficient Satisfaction we shall send your belt off tomorrow morning to our Nation together with what you have sayed thereon, & make no doubt but some of our Chief Men will be imediately appointed to attend, or follow you to the Détroit, and there (agreeable to your request) publickly satisfy you, & the World of our innocence of what we are accused'—Niagara, August 1, 1761 (PSWJ vol. III: 463).

ÌSon-din-on [fl. 1766-1809], Huron/ Wyandot chief, Sandusky / Windsor community; Sondescon, Sandusky Wyandot chief, was called hostile by Teata in his speech at the peace conference of July 22, 1766; Sun- di-non, Huron chief, attended a council at Detroit, April 26, 1781; Son-din-ou, Huron chief, attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed [with a Wolf's Head totem] Surrender #2, south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor; Sin-dae-we-no, and nine other principal Wyandot chiefs and warriors, addressed Hull, September 30, 1809 (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002; PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 11, 12; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1; Lajeunesse: 120, 126, 173; Leighton: app. B4).

Sounnokanien [fl. 1747], Wendat/Wyandot/ Huron chief, Turtle tribe, Entihoronnon clan; lived at the Little Village, or Etionnont8t, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747 census (Lajeunesse: 35-37).

C.M. Stonefish [fl. 1857-1882], Delaware chief, Moraviantown [Fairfield] community [the Stonefish family were descendants of Delaware Chief Newallike, they arrived at Moraviantown about 1821]; signed: Surrender #83, part of Moraviantown, April 9, 1857, Surrender #83², May 15, 1857, and Surrender #199, part of Moraviantown, November 13, 1882 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 215, 217, vol. II: 124; Gray: 269, 284).

Jeremiah Stonefish [fl. 1857], Delaware Nation, Moraviantown [Fairfield] community; signed: Surrender #83, part of Moraviantown, April 9, 1857, and Surrender #83², May 15, 1857 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 215, 217).

Moses Stonefish [fl. 1857 onwards; died c.1875 at Moraviantown {Fairfield}], Delaware warrior, Moraviantown community; signed: Surrender #83, part of Moraviantown, April 9, 1857, and Surrender 83², May 15, 1857; according to McLean, Moses Stonefish was the last survivor of Tecumseh's warriors when he died (Canada 1891 vol. I: 215, 217; McLean: 140).

Peter Stonefish [fl. 1882], Delaware Nation, Moraviantown [Fairfield] community; signed Surrender #199, part of Moraviantown, November 13, 1882 (Canada 1891 vol. II: 124).

John Sumner [fl. 1871-1885], Ojibwa Nation, Sarnia community, son of Chief Kah-ka-gezehigk, grandson of Chief Petahdick; signed: Surrender #119, May 5, 1871, Surrender #128, Indian Mission lot, May 1, 1872, and Surrender #242, timber on Kettle and Stoney Points, July 10, 1885 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 275, 298, vol. II: 207; Plain: 5).

Sun-hui-go-ya [killed near the Falls of the Ohio River, summer 1781], Huron war chief, Detroit area; attended a council at Detroit, April 26, 1781 where the Hurons agreed to go to Sandusky to fight the rebel Americans; the death of Sun-oi-qua- yaw was discussed at a council at Detroit, October 10, 1781 (PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13) 'Father! You must have known the consequences of the man we lost, he was not only esteemed by our nation, but by all, therefore do not be surprised if you see us present in flood of tears - Father! It's you that is the occasion of it since we have espoused your quarrel you recommended to us to defend our Lands, we did so, and in doing your will, this is the great misfortune befell us'—excerpt from a speech by Huron Chief Sindatton which asked for the adoption of captives to cover the loss of Sun-oi-qua-yaw (PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13).