John Obedic [fl. 1866], Ojibwa Nation, Sarnia community; signed Surrender #107, December 13, 1866 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 252).

Obewhey [fl. 1848], Pottawatomie chief, Walpole Island community; in 1848 received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812 (Richardson: 100). Obewhey = Fur (Richardson: 100).

Obwahnowashkung / John Kiya Ryley / John Riley [born on the Thames River in 1802; died after 1851], Métis/Ojibwa chief of the Thames River community near Muncey, from around 1837 to at least 1851 [the son of Chief Meskobenas / Red Bird, nephew of Chief Tommago], he was the chief of Upper Muncey in 1851, and was married to Betsy / Nancy [born on the Thames River in 1817; fl. 1861], ancestor of Chief Delbert Riley; considered himself an American according to Goodspeed; he lived along the St. Clair River near Port Huron before 1837; he made his home along the Thames, Sydenham and Ausable Rivers; he was a member of the Methodist church; he moved to Muncey under pressure from the Indian Department in 1832; John Riley, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #37, part of Muncey reserve, February 5, 1834; John Riley was removed as a chief for reported misconduct, according to a letter of October 24, 1837; John Kiya Ryley, Ojibwa chief of the Thames River, was sent a letter by the chiefs of the St. Clair River area on December 14, 1837 stating their unwillingness to support the Government in the Rebellion of 1837; John Riley, Ojibwa chief, signed a petition [without a totem] to the Crown asking for some land to replace Bear Creek land that had been sold by mistake by the Crown, June 12, 1839; John Riley, Ojibwa chief, attended a council with the Six Nations, held at the Credit River, January 18, 1840; Obwahnowashkung, Ojibwa chief, addressed a council at Muncey with the Oneidas around 1840; John Riley was chief of the Ojibwas of the River Thames in 1842; John Riley signed Surrenders #58½b, #58½c, #58½d, #58½e, for schools and churches at Muncey, February 13, 1849; he had a reputation for being a great hunter; he was a principal power broker at Muncey where he was actively involved in factional politics; he farmed 100 acres of cleared land there in 1851; Nancy Kewa [born on the Thames River in 1818], widow of John Riley, lived at Muncey in 1852 with John Kewa [born on the Thames River in 1824] (Britain 1839: 391; PAC Canada 1851-52; PAC Canada 1861; PAO RG1 A-1-7 vol. 8 env. 2: 03763-03764; Canada 1891 vol. I: 90, 143-146; Copway: 180; Ferris: 237; Goodspeed: 20, 23; Kahkewaquonaby 1861: 105, 117; Read and Stagg: 326-327; Smith 1987: 175; Riley pers. com.). Obwahnowashkung = the way he's meeting it (Rita Sands etc. pers. com., Walpole Island). 'Brothers, - We are thankful to the Great Spirit who has brought you here in safety with your women and children. I raise my hand to heaven and take the pure white linen and wipe all your hearts clean, that you may have great happiness in this land of our fathers. Your march is now ended; we meet you as brothers; we shake hands with all. This is all I have to say' —Muncey 1840 [speech of welcome to the Oneidas].

Odegig / Ou-bau-kig [fl. 1788], original Sarnia Ojibwa community chief during the reign of George III; Ou-bau-kig, Ojibwa /Odawa chief, signed [with an unknown animal totem] a 990-year lease for the north shore of Lake Erie, east of Amherstburg, May 6, 1788 (PAC RG10 vol. 453: 285; Plain: 3).

From PAC RG10, Vol. 453: 285 (1788).

Odinghquanooron / Babi / Baby / Babie [fl. 1747-1764], Wendat/Wyandot/Huron chief, Turtle tribe, Atieeronnon [white ash tree people] clan; Babi lived in the small village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747 census; Baby, Huron chief, though he preferred neutrality he became an ally of Pontiac at the siege of Detroit, he is mentioned in the Pontiac Manuscript on May 12, 1763; Babie / Odinghquanooron, Wyandot chief, attended a conference at Detroit, May 7-10, 1764; Baby / old Cuquandarong, principal Huron chief and sachem, signed the Peace Treaty at Fort Niagara on July 18, 1764 (Lajeunesse: 36-37, 95, 276; MPHSC vol. IX: 449, vol. XIX: 308-310; PSWJ vol. XI: 178). '... nous ne scavons pas quelle sont Les desseins du Maître de La Vie sur nous, peut Estre Esce Luy qui inspire cette guerre à nos frères, Les Outavois, si ce nest pas Luy qui L'ordonne, il sçaura Bien nous faire connaître Sa volonté et nous serons toujours Bien a mesme de nous retire sans estre tache du sang des Anglois, faisons ce que nos frères exige denous Et ne nous Epargnons point' —Huron Village near Windsor, May 12, 1763 (Lajeunesse: 276).

Oge-bik-in / Edward Ogeebun [fl. 1825-1843], Ojibwa chief of the St. Clair River region; he signed Surrender #27½, Watford area, April 26, 1825; Edward Ogeebegun lived on the St. Clair River near Sarnia and maintained neutrality during the 1837 Rebellion, according to a letter of December 14, 1837; Ojeebegun, Ojibwa chief, Deer or Antler totem, signed a petition to the Queen in 1838 objecting to the illegal surrender of Indian lands; Ogubikeen was reported to be living at the Sarnia [St. Clair] Reserve around January 20, 1843 (PAC RG10 vol. 453, vol. 1842; Canada 1847: no. 20; Canada 1891 vol. I: 65; Leighton: app. B8; Reed and Stagg: 326; Schmalz: 136).

Ogonz [fl. 1784-1811], Odawa Catholic priest; he attended seminary in Québec; he led the Odawa from the south shore of the Detroit River to Sandusky, Ohio in 1784; he remained there until they returned to Brownstown in 1811 (Tanner: 85-86, 115).

Okeemos / Okemos [born in Michigan in 1759 or 1763; died east of De Witt on the Looking Glass River, Michigan on December 5, 1858], Odawa/Ojibwa warrior and head war chief of the Cedar River [Lansing, Michigan] area community, father of John, Jim and a daughter [died 1852], nephew of Odawa Chief Pontiac, grandson of Chief Min-e-to-gob-o-way; ally of the British in the War of 1812; co-led with Chief Manito Corbay 16 warriors at Sandusky; his warriors were so badly mauled in an ambush by US riflemen that he withdrew from Tecumseh's command; he is said to have been Tecumseh's second in command at Moraviantown [Fairfield] on October 5, 1813; following the Battle of the Thames Okemos went to Detroit and negotiated with Cass; Okemans, Ojibwa chief, signed the US Treaty of Saginaw, September 24, 1819 - he was about 50 years old (US: 1837: 276; Goodspeed: 23, 23; Peckham: 317; Rogers: 763; Tanner: 135; MPHSC vol. XXVI: 522-523, vol. XXVII: 339-340, vol. XXXV: 405-406). 'I was at the treaty of 1819 [Treaty of Saginaw]. I was at that time a chief of a certain band among the Ottawa tribe - a part of the band I was chief over were Chippewas.... At the time I signed the treaty my residence was at a place about six miles above Lansing on the Red Cedar Lake. I was born in Michigan near Pontiac, on an island in a lake. From that time to the time of the treaty I lived in Okemos City, near Lansing...'—Saginaw, Michigan, 1860 (MPHSC vol. XXVI: 523).

Okeya [fl. 1778-1827], Pottawatomie chief; Okia, Pottawatomie chief, attended a council at Detroit, June 14, 1778; Okeya, Pottawatomie chief, gave land to James Abbott on the Detroit River at the Rivière à la Carrière Menning on July 28, 1780; Okeya, Pottawatomie chief, gave land on the Detroit River to Thomas Williams, July 28, 1780; Ok-i-a, Pottawatomie or Huron chief, signed the US Greenville Treaty, August 3, 1795; O-kee-yan, Pottawatomie chief (a separate person?), signed the US Treaty for lands in eastern Michigan, September 19, 1827 (US 1837: 54; Leighton: app. B3; Quaife 1928 vol. I: 175; MPHSC vol. IX: 443, vol. XII: 625, vol. XX: 418).

Okitchinoyon [fl. 1765-1783], Odawa chief, Wolf clan; Ocquichion, Odawa chief signed the Maisonville deed, south shore of the Detroit River, Windsor, September 18, 1765; Oketchewandong / Okitckewandong, Odawa or Ojibwa chief, acknowledged the sale of Hogg Island, Detroit River, to George McDougal, August 29, 1768; Ohitchinoyon, Ojibwa Nation, signed [with a Wolf totem] the Jacob Schieffelin deed, south side of the Detroit River, opposite Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], October 13, 1783 (Lajeunesse: 62, 154; MPHSC vol. X: 235-236, vol. XX: 195).

Okiway [fl. 1788], Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Snake totem] the Jonathon Schieffelin deed, north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] from Chatham to London, September 20, 1788 (PAO MU 2099 OS 1-4).

From PAO, MU 2099 - 1788.

Olinkpas [killed at the Battle of Moraviantown {Fairfield}, October 5, 1813], Delaware warrior (Sugden: 133).

ÌO-na-gan / Big Bowl / Big Bowls [born in Ohio fl. 1790-1806], Odawa/Ojibwa chief, Sandusky, Ohio and Lake St. Clair community; born an Ojibwa, the son of Ojibwa Chief Ouit-a-nis-sa, married an Odawa woman; lived in the Odawa village on the northern end of St. Anne's Island [part of the delate of islands comprising Walpole Island] in Lake St. Clair; one of his daughters married Nabbawe / Kitschi- makongs / Great Lesser Bear [the son of Bear Creek Ojibwa Chief Ke-cha-mak- qua]; Onagan had two other daughters who lived upstream from Kitegan [located on the Sydenham River] in 1805; Selkirk's agent described him as a "rapacious old dog"; Ona-gan / On-a-gon, principal Odawa chief, attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790 where he signed [with a Bear or Moose(?) totem] Surrender #2, south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor; The Big Bowl, Odawa chief, told Selby on October 12, 1797 that he and his community wished to winter at Chennail Ecarte; he also asked for some council wampum in order to speak to the Makinac Indians; on October 15, 1797, Chief Bowl visited Amherstburg for a council with Captain McLean where he stated that there were about 160 in his community; Frederick Fisher swore that Big Bowl "was in a violent rage and abused the Indian Department," when he was told by McLean that he had been cheated by the department and that McLean would have to approve all supplies from the Government store; on October 17 of the same year there were 160 people in Onagon's community [living at the Chennail Ecarte], and on October 26 there were 167 people [including those on Harsen's Island]; on November 9, 1797, the Odawas had left the Chennail Ecarte for the south shore of Lake Erie to hunt; Chief Bowl and his son-in-law [probably Chief Nabbawe] were visited by Lieutenant Fraser in November; by July 1798 his tribe had returned from Lake Erie, and Ke-cha-mak-qua's tribe of 55 people had been adopted into Onagon's tribe of 88 by intermarriage [a group of 58 from the mouth of the Saginaw River had also joined them]; On June 27, 1799 there were 153 in Big Bowl's community; Onangan had seen Moravian missionary Denke in 1802; old Tawa Onagan visited Denke at Bear Creek on November 21, 1805 - Denke described him as the last of the three great chiefs [Nan-gie, Ouit-a- nis-sa, Onagan] - he was wintering on Bear Creek alone since his people had gone to the Miami [northwest Ohio] for the winter hunt; he came by canoe on November 23, 1805 to visit his two daughters upstream; he lived on the north end of St. Anne's Island [Wabisfitschangispigabawit], an island in Chennail Ecarte and part of the Walpole Island delta, in November 1805 [the island had been bought from the Ojibwa by the Crown and given to him]; Onagan came from Kitegan to visit Denke on April 8, and on May 28, 1806 with Chief Nabbawe [who lived with him at that time] (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002, PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1; Denke 1991: 8, 13, 14, 16, 18; Ferris: 76; Hamil 1951: 71; Leighton: app. B4; MPHSC vol. XX: 556, 558-559, 564, 571, 576-577, 579, 617-618, 641, vol. XXV: 157, 166). '... on my expressing some surprise at the small proportion the number of children bore to the number of men & women [at Walpole Island] he accounted for it by saying that they were chiefly old men whose children had come to maturity & were reckoned among the men and women & that they were not so prolific as white people'—Amherstburg, October 1797 (MPHSC vol. XX: 558).

From Surrender #2 (1790). PAC RG10, Vol. 1840, IT 002.

Onim / Leonard [died at Moraviantown {Fairfield} or Muncey in 1816 or 1818], principal Munsee/Delaware shaman and medicine man; in his youth he wore a tomahawk to "cleave the Missionaries skulls for deceiving the Indians"; he threatened Moravian Jung but in 1810 he became less hostile to the Moravian missionairies when he was visited by Luckenbach; he fell ill on his way to Muncey in 1816 or 1818 and sent for Moravian assistant Jacob to "show him the right way"; he received a deathbed baptism as Leonard by Denke (Graham: 12; Gray: 207; Hamil: 72; Stonefish pers. com.). '... their skin is white, and our skin is brown, and our whole manner of life is entirely different to theirs. Of course they must have a different way to happiness and those Indians who embrace their doctrine are altogether deceived. [There] are three gods, a brown, a white and a black god, and each nation ought to live comfortably to the directions received from the God of their colour...'— Muncey, before 1810.

Onucheranorm / Onnucheranorum [fl. 1701], Mohawk sachem; speaker at the Albany Conference with Governor Nansan, July 9-14, 1701; placed southern Ontario hunting grounds under the protection of the British Crown on July 19, 1701 (NYCD vol. IV: 897, 910; Monture pers. com.).

Orojadicka [fl. 1699-1701], Iroquois/Five Nations negotiator; lived at Montreal in 1700 and 1701; possibly attended the Great Peace Council at Montreal, July 25, 1701 (NYCD vol. IV: 907).

Orontondy [fl. 1779; died c.1781], Wyandot chief, Sandusky community, son of Nicolas Orontony; Orontoni, and his brother the Half King, were called "rascals and cowards" in May 1779 by Henry Bird who felt that they would not oppose US forces if they attacked Detroit; Or-o-ton-dy / Orontony, Sandusky Huron chief, attended a conference at Detroit, October 21, 1781 (PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; MPHSC vol. XIX: 413).

Nicolas Orontony / Nicholas / Wanduny / Rondoenie [died c.1750 probably in an epidemic at Kuskusky; according to Plant he died in 1748], La Pointe de Montréal Wendat/Huron/Wyandot/Winnebago chief, Turtle tribe, Eronhisseronon clan, father of Pomoacan / Half King and Orontondy; Oroutony / Orontony met Noyelle at Sandusky in January 1739 where he gave him a belt and proposed (with Sastaretsy and Tayetchatin) to the French that the Huron be resettled on the St. Lawrence River in order to live in peace; he visited Montreal and Governor Beauharnois to present his proposal in 1740; he moved his village to Sandusky Bay where he came into contact with the British; he visited Albany in 1743 with a proposal for an alliance between the Huron, New York Iroquois and the British; English ally with Wyandot Chief Angirot; Nicholas lived at Sandoske [Sandusky] on June 23, 1746, in the small village, and at Etiononout, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island] in 1747; he attempted to destroy Detroit in May 1747, and did destroy the Mission and villages on Isle aux Bois Blancs in the same month; he burnt his village on the Sandusky River in April 1748 and moved to the White River, Indiana; after the death of Orontony, the Wyandot gravitated back to Detroit and Sandusky (Clifton 1983: 1-7, 15; Lajeunesse: xviii, 29-41, 251-255; Leclair 1988a: 10; MacDonald vol. II: 147; Peckham: 31, 33; Plant: 40; DCB vol. III: 495-496; MPHSC vol. X: 527, vol. XIII: 43, vol. XXXIV: 164, 192-194, 196-2008). '... Nicholas said that he was jealous of the honor, which the Hurons alone of the tribes possessed, of never having shed the blood of the French; that he was counting on exciting the pity of his Father, to induce him to put them under his wings'—Sandusky, August 1, 1740 (MPHSC vol. XXXIV: 200).

Osawip / Osaii-a-wip / Ozahvib [fl. 1816-1829], original Sarnia Ojibwa chief; Asauipe, Le Chef, signed [with a Turtle totem] a petition? on June 30, 1816; Osanib, Ojibwa chief of Chennail Ecarte, attended a council at Amherstburg to negotiate Surrender #21, October 16, 1818; Osaw- a-wip, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #27½, Watford area, April 26, 1825; Osawip, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #29, Sarnia to Goderich, July 10, 1827; Osawib agreed to admit the Pottawatomie into the Walpole Island Ojibwa community in 1829; Ozahvib, signed Surrender #144, June 17, 1875 (PAO RG1 A-1-7 vol. 8 env. I: 03581; Canada 1891 vol. I: 49, 65, 7, vol. II: 7; Leighton: app. B8, B8a; Plain: 2, 4; Taylor app. B: Penace decl.; MPHSC vol. XVI: 643).

Osenago [fl. 1805-1806], Mississauga/Ojibwa chief, lived north of Lake Ontario and west of Toronto; he signed Surrender #13, Toronto Purchase, September 23, 1805, and Surrender #14, Burlington, September 6, 1806 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 32, 36).

Osha-o-gemau [fl. 1848], Ojibwa chief, Walpole Island community; in 1848 he received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812 (Richardson: 99). Osha-o-gemau = Keen Chief (Richardson: 99).

Oshaway [fl. 1875], Ojibwa Nation, Walpole Island community; he signed Surrender #144, June 17, 1875 (Canada 1891 vol. II: 7).

Otaekitchiwanoaquoy [fl. 1788], Ojibwa chief; signed [with an Eagle with spread wings totem] the Jonathon Schieffelin deed, north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] from Chatham to London, September 20, 1788 (PAO MU 2099 OS 1-4).

From PAO, MU 2099 - 1788.

Otanawy [fl. 1788], Ojibwa chief; signed [with an Antler totem] the Jonathon Schieffelin deed, north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] from Chatham to London, September 20, 1788 (PAO MU 2099 OS 1-4).

From PAO, MU 2099 - 1788.

O-trickt-quie [fl. 1827], Pottawatomie chief; signed the US Treaty for lands in eastern Michigan, September 19, 1827 (US 1837; Leighton: app. B3).

Ottamagan [fl. 1788], Ojibwa chief; signed [with an Antler totem] the Jonathon Schieffelin deed, north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] from Chatham to London, September 20, 1788 (PAO MU 2099 OS 1-4).

From PAO, MU 2099 - 1788.

Ouaouananta / 8a8ananta, [fl. 1747], Huron/Wyandot or Tionnontaté Nation; lived in the small village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747 census (Lajeunesse: 35-37).

Ouaron woman / 8aron [fl. 1747], Huron/ Wyandot or Tionnontaté Nation; lived in the small village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747 census (Lajeunesse: 35-37).

Ouasanion / 8asanion [fl. 1747], Huron/ Wyandot or Tionnontaté Nation; lived in the small village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747 census (Lajeunesse: 35-37).

ÌOuit-a-nis-sa / Witanesse / Wiponepa / Ottawasch-Kaho [fl. 1780 onwards; died February 1805], Ojibwa senior chief of the Walpole Island community, Fork totem, father of Odawa/Ojibwa Chief O-na-gan, who succeeded him as a senior chief of both the Odawa and Ojibwa Nations in the Lake St. Clair area; Witznepa, Ojibwa senior chief of Walpole Island; according to Goodspeed Old Wittaniss was a sub-chief among the remnant of the Hurons and a British ally in 1776; Wetmassow, chief of the Ojibwa Nations at Detroit, signed [with a Fork totem] a gift of land between Lake St. Clair and the River Huron to William Tucker, September 22nd, 1780; Ouit-a-nis-sa, principal Ojibwa chief, attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790 where he signed [with a Fork totem] Surrender #2, south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor; Wittaness, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Fork totem] Surrender #6, London Township, Surrender #7, Sombra Township, and accompanying maps, September 7, 1796; Wetaney, Ojibwa chief, sold [with a Fork(?) totem] land on the northwest side of Lake St. Clair to May, McNiff and Harsen, February 4, 1797; Witanis signed Surrender #12, Huron Church Reserve sale, Windsor, September 11, 1800; Witanesse / Ottawasch- Kaho, Ojibwa chief, camped near Point du Chêne with Chief Nangi where they were visited by Denke in 1802; Wittaniss was an ally of the British in 1812 according to Goodspeed; Witznepa, along with Onagan and Nangie, were referred to as the past three great chiefs of the Ojibwa and Odawa, on November 21st, 1805. (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002, IT 021-025, IT 027-028; PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1, 17, 19, 30; Denke 1990: 15; 1991: 8-9; 1993: 13; Goodspeed: 23; Hamil 1951: 69, 71; Lajeunesse: 172, 208; Leighton: app. B4, B5; MPHSC vol. V: 551-552, vol. VIII: 498-499). Ouit-a-nis-sa = he wants to live there / here (Rita Sands etc. pers. com., Walpole Island).

From Surrender #2 (1790). PAC RG10, Vol. 1840, IT 002.

Oukaes / 8kaes [fl. 1747], Huron/Wyandot or Tionnontaté; lived in the small village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747 census (Lajeunesse: 35-37).

Outoutagan / Ottoutagan / Jean Le Blanc / Jean Le Bland [fl. 1701-1712], Odawa du Sable chief, son of Chief Le Talon, brother of Chief Miscouaky, husband of Mme. Techenet; Outoutaga, Odawa chief, attended and spoke at the Great Peace Council at Montreal, July 25, 1701, and signed the general peace treaty there; he moved to Detroit from Michilimakinac in 1702 at the request of the French; he opposed principal Odawa du Sable Chief Le Pesant's attack on the Miamis in June 1706; attempted to negotiate peace but he was shot and wounded by a Huron as he shook hands with Huron Chief Quarante Sols; Jean Le Blanc attended a conference at Montreal, June 18, 1707, where he offered himself as a hostage to appease French anger over the death of a missionary - Governor Rigaud demanded the head of principal Chief Le Pesant; Otontagan attended and spoke at a council at Detroit, August 6-8, 1707 where Cadillac demanded the unconditional surrender of Le Pesant; Le Pesant was handed to Cadillac on September 24, 1707; Outoutagan remained in Detroit but his wife moved back to Michilimakinac where she lived in July 1712; he did not succeed Le Pesant and had few followers in 1712 (Blair vol. I: 340, vol. II: 136; DCB vol. II: 504-506; MPHSC vol. XXXIII: 273, 282, 289, 294, 307, 319-320, 323, 326-328, 331, 333, 335, 362, 364, 430, 435, 558). 'My father, my father, M. de la Mothe has done as the porcupine who does not suckle its young. It was he who called us, the four Outtavois tribes, to Detroit, but after having made an opening in the tree, as the porcupine does, to give its young to suck, he left us'—Montréal, June 23, 1707 (MPHSC vol. XXXIII: 327).

Ozow-bineshiinh / Yellowbird [fl. 1828], Walpole Island area Ojibwa chief in 1828; under Chief Pazhehizhikquashkum; Kahkewaquonaby [Peter Jones] visited Old Chief Yellowbird at his camp on Bear Creek [Sydenham River], 6 miles from its mouth, on March 24, 1828; Yellowbird visited Jones' camp on Walpole Island and asked questions about religion on August 5, 1829 (Ferris: 80; Kahkewaquonaby 1860: 125, 249; Jackson pers. com.). 'We are so wicked and given to intemperance, he thought it would be impossible for them to become good'—Bear Creek, March 24, 1828 (Kahkewaquonaby 1860: 126).