Macada-gicko / Makotakijiko / Mukatwokijiko / Ma-ku-ta-ikejiko / Makadakezhego [fl. 1818-1827], Ojibwa head chief of the Sarnia area; he was the father of Walpole Island Head Chief Naudoowance; original chief of the Sarnia community; Makataykigigo, Ojibwa chief of Chennail Ecarte, attended a council at Amherstburg to negotiate the terms of Surrender #21, October 16, 1818; Macadagicko, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #27½, Watford area, April 26, 1825; Mukatuokijigo, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #29, Sarnia to Goderich, July 10, 1827 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 49, 65, 71; Leighton: app. B8, B8a; Peterwegeeshisk decl.; Plain: 3; MPHSC vol. XVI: 643).

Mackpiewee [fl. 1803], Unami?/Delaware, Moravian Christian; lived at Moraviantown [Fairfield]; expressed a decided dislike of a white settler by attacking him in 1803 (Kjellberg: 65).

Mack-e-ta-pe-na-ce / Blackbird [fl. 1812-1814], Wyandot chief, Michigan and Maumee Valley community, follower of Huron chief Ted-y-a-ta; British ally in 1812; Mkedepenase, Wyandot chief, fought at the Battle of Frenchtown, January 1813; Blackbird spoke at a council, June 15, 1813; Blackbird fought at Ball's Fields [three miles from Niagara] with Chief Norton on July 17, 1813; fought at the Battle of Fort Meigs, August 1, 1813; Chief Blackbird withdrew from the war with Wyandot war chief Too-oo-troon-too-ra at Niagara in May 1814 because of the short rations given to his warriors, he retired toward Lake Huron [Casselman & Sugden say that Blackbird went over to the American side with Too-oo-troon- too-ra in 1814] (Casselman: 71; Ridout: 204; Stacey: 111-112; Sugden: 203; MPHSC vol. XV: 711-712, vol. XVI: 717).

Francis Maconce / Eshtonaquet / Ishtonaquette / Hesh-ton-a-quet / Clear Sky [born c.1791 near Lake St. Clair; died in Kansas in 1868], principal Ojibwa chief of Lake St. Clair, son of Chief Macounce, brother-in-law of Ojibwa Chief Wawanosh [his sister was Wawanosh's wife], father of Antoine, Gokey, and Edward Maconse; Ojibwa Chief Francis Maconce / Eshtonaquet joined the British after the capture of Detroit in 1812 and fought at the River Raisin on July 22, 1813; Mahkoons / Eshtonaquet / Little Bear, Ojibwa St. Clair community, toured England with a dance troupe of six, including his wife, his nephew, and one of his cousins in 1834 [his wife, nephew and one other died of smallpox on the tour]; Francis Eshtonoquot returned to Michigan with farm tools and books donated by wealthy English supporters; Eshtonaquet, Ojibwa chief, lived 28 miles north of Detroit at the mouth of Rivière au Vase on the west side of Lake St. Clair in 1835; Ishtonaquette, Ojibwa chief, Lake St. Clair community, signed an 1836 petition against proposed removal of Upper Canadian Aboriginal communities to Manitoulin Island; Heshtonaquet, Ojibwa chief, sold his land to the US government by Treaty, May 9, 1836; he moved to Swan Creek in 1838, and moved west of the Mississippi River in 1839; he settled along the Marias des Cygnes, Kansas [near the town of Ottawa]; visited Canada in 1848 (PAC RG10 vol. 1842 IT 065; PAO MS 296 #1, #2; Canada 1891 vol. I: 49; US Public Documents, Senate 1839, Document #155: 2; Ferris: 64; Friends, Society of: 9, 165; Kahkewaquonaby 1860: 394; Schmalz: 134; Schoolcraft: 478; Smith 1987: 169, 174, 310, 311).

Ma-con-see [fl. 1778], Pottawatomie chief, St. Joseph community; he attended a council at Detroit, June 14, 1778 (MPHSC vol. IX: 443).

Macounce / Maehonse / Makongs / Macompte / Kumekumenon / Waa-kounce [born c.1770; died 1814], father of Ojibwa Chief Francis Maconce / Eshtonaquet; successor to Ojibwa Chief Nangi; Waa- kounce, Ojibwa chief, signed: [with a Pot(?) totem] a provisional surrender for London Township, September 29, 1795, and a provisional surrender for Chennail Ecarte, September 29, 1795; Macounce, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Bear totem] Surrender #6, London Township, Surrender #7, Sombra Township, and accompanying maps, September 7, 1796; Macompte / Kumekumenon, Odawa chief, Lake St. Clair community, lived on the western shore of Lake St. Clair, father of Francis and Macompte Junior, he had a lot of influence in Western Upper Canada, according to Goodspeed; in 1803 Lord Selkirk received permission from Macounce to settle at Baldoon; Maehonse lived at the Huron River on Lake St. Clair in 1807; Maehonse's village was located on the west side of the St. Clair River in 1807; in 1807 Denke met Makongs, who was reported to be the greatest of the Ojibwa chiefs at that time (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 021-024, IT 026-IT 028; Canada NMC 2835, 4113; Canada 1891 vol. I: 17, 19; Denke 1993: 13; Ferris: 64; Goodspeed: 23; Leighton: app. B1, B5; MPHSC vol. XXV: 105). Beaver = mikoonhs. 'This Indian lives on the Swan River, near St. Clair. I hear the governor of Detroit wants to have a house built for him, and set him up with farm land, equipment and tools, like a kind of white settler. He is much given to drink. But he maintains good order among his people. They obey him more out of fear than love and he is thoroughly hated. Last autumn near Detroit he murdered another Indian.'— Denke, writing from the St. Clair River, 1807.

From Canada NMC 4113, 1795.

From Surrender #7 (1796). PAC RG10, Vol. 1840, IT 027.

Macquettequet / Little Bear [fl. 1800-1807], Ojibwa chief; Nakatewaquit signed Surrender #12, Huron Church reserve sale, Windsor, September 11, 1800; Little Bear, Odawa head chief, lived in Lower Sandusky in 1805, he killed a man named Ogoure there on July 29, 1805; Macquettequet / Little Bear, Ojibwa chief, signed the US Treaty of Detroit ceding the west side of Lake St. Clair, etc., November 17, 1807 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 20; US 1837: 136; Lajeunesse: 208; Leighton: app. B1; MPHSC vol. XXXX: 62).

George Madison [born in 1840; fl. 1872], Ojibwa Nation, Muncey commnunity , son of James [b. 1782; fl. 1861] and Betsy [b. 1814; fl. 1861] Madison; he signed Surrender #126, Canadian Southern Railway right of way, January 18, 1872 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 294; PAC Canada 1861).

Main Poc / Main Poque / Withered Hand / Swelled Hand [fl. 1801 onwards; died at his camp called the Manesti at Yellow River, Indiana on Lake Michigan in the summer of 1816], Pottawatomie warrior / war chief, son of a Pottawatomie head war chief, brother-in-law of Nesscottinnemeg, he left two sons and three daughters on his death; Main Poque was born with a left hand that had no fingers or thumb, he was a great sorcerer, orator and alcoholic, he had many wives, never fewer than three; "in 1801 he killed a great many of the Piankishaws on the Wabash;" wounded in warfare with the Osage Nation in 1810; established a village at Crow Prairie in 1811; an ally of Tecumseh, he left Amherstburg for the US in late September 1813, he was in the Detroit area on September 30; Main Poc signed the US Treaty ceding lands southwest of Lake Erie, October 4, 1814 (US 1837; Blair vol. II: 203-204, 278; Sugden: 202-204, 259; Tanner: 117).

Mais-ko-see / Mash-ke-oh-see [fl. 1827-1867], Pottawatomie chief, father of Joshua Greenbird; Mais-ko-see, Pottawatomie chief, signed: the US Treaty for lands in eastern Michigan, September 19, 1827, and the US Treaty of Chicago, September 27, 1833, which led to the removal of the Pottawatomie Nation from Michigan; Mas-kee-yos-way moved to Walpole Island from the Maumee River(?) in 1829 with Menaze; Maish-ke-aw-she received the last instalment of the annuity resulting from the Treaty of Detroit in August 1855; Mash-ke-ashe lived in Saginaw, Michigan in 1867 (US 1837; Leighton: app. B3; Plain: 2-3; Taylor app. A: Penance decl.; PSWJ vol. XI: 547).

Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kai-kaik / Black Sparrow Hawk / Black Hawk [born 1767 at Rock River, Illinois; died October 8, 1838 at the Des Moines River] Sauk/ Odawa war chief; arrived at Detroit via Chicago in 1813; fought at the Battles of Frenchtown, Fort Meigs and Fort Stephenson; Black Hawk was with Tecumseh at the Battle of Moraviantown [Fairfield], October 5, 1813, where he was on Tecumseh's right and saw him shot: "During the night, we buried our dead, and brought off the body of Tecumseh, although we were in sight of the fires of the American camp;" leader of the Sauk victories over US forces near the Mississippi River, July 21, 1814 and May 24, 1815; Black Hawk, head war chief of the Sauk Nation, addressed Captain Anderson of the Indian Department at Prairie des Chiens, August 3, 1815; he was defeated by US forces in the summer of 1829; he asked Pottawatomie chief Shabonna [who refused] to join him in 1832; crossed the Mississippi on April 5, 1832; he defeated the US Army at Stillman's Run, May 14, 1832; he was caught and his community was dispersed at Wisconsin Heights, July 21, 1832; imprisoned during the spring of 1833 (Blair vol. II: 211; Drake: 203; Klinck: 209; Rosenstiel: 118-120; Sugden: 116-117, 155-156, 160, 163; Tanner: 153; MPHSC vol. XVI: 196-197, 285, 729; OAHS vol. IX: 30). 'My warriors fell around me; it began to look dismal. I saw my evil day at hand. The sun rose dim on us in the morning, and at night it sunk in a dark cloud, and looked like a ball of fire. That was the last sun that shone on Black Hawk. His heart is dead, and no longer beats quick in his bosom. He is now a prisoner to the white men; they will do to him as they wish. But he can stand torture, and is not afraid of death. He is no coward. Black Hawk is an Indian' —St. Louis, 1832.

Makons [fl. 1743-1757], Ojibwa or Wyandot Nation, married to an Odawa woman; lived in the first cabin at Aaae, White River or Belle Rivière with his family in 1743, according to Potier; lived at Belle Rivière in 1757; Margaret Makons, the daughter of Makons, was married at Assumption church on January 7, 1769 (Goulet 6-7; Lajeunesse: 36, 347; MPHSC vol. XXXX: 64).

Ma-mau-she-gau-ta / Bad Legs [fl. 1805], Ojibwa chief; signed the US Treaty of Detroit ceding the west half of Lake St. Clair, etc., November 17, 1807 (US 1837: 136; Leighton: app. B1).

Mamongazida / Mongazida / Loon's Foot [born c.1727], Ojibwa chief, son of an Ojibwa woman and Ojibwa Chief Chegoimegon who married in 1726, step-brother of Sioux Chief Wabash, father of Ojibwa Chiefs Waub-ojeeg, Wanbojug and Camudwa, grandfather of O-shah-gush-ko- da-wa-qua / White Ermine / Susan who married trader George Johnston, adoptive great-grandfather of Anna Jameson; he was an ally to the French; it was said that Montcalm died in his arms at 5 AM on September 14, 1759; he shook hands with the British after the War; he attended the Grand Council at Niagara c.1760 (Campbell: 155; Casgrain: 222-223; Casselman, Goodspeed: 19; Jameson: 465-466; Canadian Encyclopedia vol. II: 1155).

Manitou [fl. 1760-1773], Odawa/Ojibwa war chief, Saginaw community; he was at Detroit where he favoured peace in September, 1760; Manitou, Odawa chief, attended a peace council in Fort Detroit, October 17, 1763; advocating peace, he urged a return to Detroit which caused a split in Pontiac's village by July 1764; Minettiwaby received a letter from the French in the winter of 1765; he settled on the Marblehead Peninsula, north of Sandusky Bay; Ojibwa Chief Manitou-Abek attended a conference at Detroit, July 29, 1765; Saginaw Chief Minitowabe brought the murderers of trader Pond to the English on May 8, 1773 (Peckham: 232, 234, 252, 301; Schmalz: 75; Tanner: 62; PSWJ vol. IV: 807, vol. VIII: 787, vol. XI: 697).

Martha [fl. 1805-1806], Delaware Nation, Fairfield; travelled regularly between Bear Creek and Fairfield with supplies in 1805 and 1806 (Denke 1991: 6, 9).

Maqua / David Bear [born on Bear Creek [Sydenham River} in 1812; fl. 1852], Ojibwa Nation, Bear Creek community; his wife died before 1852, in that year he lived at Muncey with a widow named Martha Nail [born on Bear Creek in 1777, Claw clan?], who may have been his mother (Goodspeed: 22, PAC Canada 1851-52). Bear = makkwa (Piggott and Grafstein).

Maquamiss / Moquammiss [fl. 1819-1822], Ojibwa chief; he signed [with a Bird totem] Surrender #21, west of London Township and north of the Thames River, March 9, 1819; Maquamaniss signed: Surrender #280½, west of London Township and north of the Thames River, May 9, 1820, and Surrender #25, London Township to Chatham Township, July 8, 1822; Muquameece, Ojibwa Chief, signed [with a Bird totem] a receipt for goods received as payment for Surrender #21 on August 9, 1827; Mokomaunish / Bad Knife, Odawa chief; attended the Grand Council on Manitoulin Island, August 1, 1837 (PAC RG10 vol. 1842 IT 065, IT 067, IT 079; PAC RG10 vol. 1849 IT 368; Canada 1891 vol. I: 49, 58, vol. II: 281; Jameson: 499; Leighton: app. B6, B7).

Mashaginarabek [fl. 1798], Ojibwa chief, Detroit area community; he signed [with an Antler totem] a deed to William Thorn Junior for land on the east shore of the St. Clair River, August 28, 1798 (PAO RG1 A-1-7 vol. 8 env. 2: 03534-035345, 03581-03582).

Mash-i-pi-nash-i-wish / Bad Bird / Machiquawish / Matchekewis / Muchicowiss / Michiguiss / Mitchikiweese / Mudjekewiss / Wachicouess / Mitchwass / Mitchewas / Kaigwiaidosa [born c.1735 in Northern Michigan; died 1805 or 1806 near Toledo, Ohio], principal Ojibwa chief of the Thunder Bay, Michigan community, descendant of an influential Ojibwa family from Lake Superior, father of Madjeckewiss; captured Fort Michilimakinac with Chief Minweweh, June 2, 1763; he was at the Siege of Detroit with Wasson in 1763; met with Sir William Johnston at Fort Niagara in 1764; Michicawiss passed through Detroit on the way to Niagara in July 1768, he conferred there from July 10 to July 16; Wachicouess / Michacawiss was at Johnson Hall from July 22 to July 27, 1768; Madjeckewiss was charged with the murder of a trader and imprisoned at Michilimakinac in April 1771; Madjeckewiss attended a council with De Peyster at Michilimakinac in July 1774; he was an ally of the British in 1776; he was at the invasion of New York in 1777; he attended the Great Council at L'Arbre Croche, July 4, 1779; lived at Cheboygan in the winter of 1779; he attacked St. Louis on March 10, 1780; Muikoteywass, Ojibwa chief, attended a council at Detroit, April 26, 1781; according to Captain Lamothe, Matchiquiwissis died sometime before August 1793; Nash-i-pi-nash-i-wish, Ojibwa chief, attended and spoke at the council at Greenville, where he represented the Ojibwa, Odawa and Pottawatomie Nations; Mashi-pi-mash-i-wish / Bad Bird, Ojibwa chief, signed the US Greenville Treaty, August 3, 1795; Odawa chief Mitchewas witnessed [with a Catfish or Sturgeon totem] Surrender #6 London Township, Surrender #7, Sombra Township, and accompanying maps, September 7, 1796; Chief Michewass told Selby on October 12, 1797 that he and his community wished to winter at Chennail Ecarte; Madjeckewiss died at the signing of US Fort Industry Treaty at Toledo in 1805; Kalamazoo was called Matchepenachewich's town in 1813, possibly Madjeckewiss lived there (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 021-IT 028; PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 17, 19; US 1837: 54; Goodspeed: 19; Jameson: 463; Leighton: app. B5; Tanner: 117; Wilson: 85; DCB vol. V: 567-568; MPHSC vol. XII: 78-7, vol. XX: 418, XXV: 157, vol. XXVI: 281; PSWJ vol. XII: 544-545, 548-549, 560-563). 'I was not disposed to take up the hatchet against you; it was forced into my hands by the white people. I throw it into the middle of the deepest lake from whence no mortal can bring it back. Brother, I have thrown my hatchet into the bottomless lake from whence it will never return. I hope you will also throw yours so far that it may never again be found' —Greenville, late July 1795.

From Surrender #7 (1796). PAC RG10, Vol. 1840, IT 027.

Mashkeash / Mish-qui-ash / Machioquise [fl. 1765 onwards; died c.1790 at Sarnia], Ojibwa chief, St. Clair River community, father of Sarnia Ojibwa chief Kenewahba, grandfather of Jabez Jackson and Andrew Nageeshig; Machioquise attended and addressed a conference at the St. Joseph River, January 26, 1765; Massi-gay-ash, Ojibwa village chief, attended a council at Detroit, June 14, 1778; Mashkeash was an original Sarnia Ojibwa community chief and St. Clair River Ojibwa chief during the Reign of George III in 1780; Maskeash, chief of the Ojibwa nations at Detroit, signed [with a Fork(?) totem] a gift of land between Lake St. Clair and the River Huron to William Tucker, at Detroit, September 22, 1780; Mish-qui-ash, Ojibwa chief, attended a council at Detroit, April 26, 1781; Mashquiash, Ojibwa village chief addressed a council at Detroit, July 21, 1781 (RCWL VF185; Plain: 2-4; MPHSC vol. V: 551-552, vol. IX: 442, vol. X: 475, vol. XIII: 91).

Mashuk-gwak-nuh-am / Meshuh-gwah- nuh-am [fl. 1857], Ojibwa Nation, Walpole Island community; he signed Surrenders #85 and #86, Peach Island, Detroit River, and Keshebahahnelegoo Menesha Island, St. Clair River, July 21, 1857 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 220-221).

Alexander Maskenoozhe [born in Dundas in 1815; fl. 1852], Ojibwa Nation, Muncey community, married to Jenney [born on the Thames River in 1817; fl. 1852] (PAC Canada 1851-1852).

Elijah Maskinonge [fl. 1872], Ojibwa Nation, Muncey community; signed Surrender #126, Canadian Southern Railway right of way, January 18, 1872 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 294).

Samuel Maskinonge / Samuel Maskenoozhe [born at Amherstburg in 1835; fl. 1852-1872] Ojibwa Nation, Muncey community, married to Sarah [born in 1838; fl. 1852]; he signed Surrender #126, Canadian Southern Railway right of way, January 18, 1872 (PAC Canada 1851-1852, 1861; Canada 1891 vol. I: 294).

Massas / Ma-sass [fl. 1783-1795], northern Ojibwa chief; Messass, Ojibwa chief, attended councils at Detroit on October 10, 18 and 20, 1783; Chief Massas was present at the signing of the US Treaty of Fort Harmar, January 9, 1789, and at the signing of the Muskingum Treaty; Masass arrived at the council at Greenville with 20 of his community in July 18, 1795 and presented the wampum belt from the Fort Harmar Treaty; Ma-sass signed the US Greenville Treaty, August 3, 1795 (PAC RG10 ser. II vol. 13; US 1837: 54; Wilson: 90; MPHSC vol. XX: 417, vol. XXVI: 282-283; OAHS vol. VII: 237).

Matchepenachewich [fl. 1813-1833], Pottawatomie chief; Wa-che-ness, Pottawatomie chief of the St.Joseph community, brother of Chi-saw-gun, and Pe-dar-go- shek, signed the US Greenville Treaty, August 3, 1795; Chief Matchipinaisee was killed by Odawa chief Shaushauquacee at St Joseph Island in June 1799; Matchepenachewich, Pottawatomie chief, lived near Kalamazoo in 1813; Match- e-be-mesh-she-wish's village was located at the head of the Kekaalamazva River, Michigan, in 1827; Maatch-kee, Pottawatomie chief, signed the US Treaty of Chicago, September 27, 1833, which led to the removal of the Pottawatomie Nation from Michigan (US 1837: 54, 584; Gilbert: 99-101; Leighton: app. B3; MPHSC vol. XX: 424, 640).

Mathias [fl. 1747], Wendat/Wyandot/Huron or Tionnontaté chief of the Deer tribe, Eangontrounon clan; he lived in the small village, Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], 1747 census (Lajeunesse: 35-37).

Ma-tsai-bat-to [fl. 1827], Pottawatomie chief; signed the US Treaty for lands in eastern Michigan, September 19, 1827 (US 1837; Leighton: app. B3).

ÌMaug-gic-a-way [fl. 1790], Odawa chief; Maug-gish-a-way / Maug-gich-a- way, principal Odawa chief, attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed [with a Muskrat(?) totem] Surrender #2, south side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor [Lajeunesse spells his name Maug gich a way] (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002; RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1; Lajeunesse: 172; Leighton: app. B4).

From Surrender #2 (1790). PAC RG10, Vol. 1840, IT 002.

Maungwudaus / mankotta-ss / courageous / Pemikishigon / George Henry [born at 40 Mile Creek in 1811; fl. 1825-1854], Ojibwa Nation, missionary / interpreter / impresario, 6'1" tall, son of Chief Mesquacosy and Tuhbenahneequay / Sarah Henry [mother of Kahkewaquonaby], half brother of Kahkewaquonaby, father of John Tecumseh Henry / Awunnewabe, and George Henry Junior / Saigitoo?; married to (1) Uh-wus-sig-gee-zhig-goo-kway / Hannah Henry and (2) Taundoqua [born near the Selkrig Mission, Michigan c.1825; fl. ?]; converted to Christianity around 1825; attended the Methodist mission school at the Credit Mission in the late 1820s; George Henry served at several different missions during the 1830s, including Munceytown and Sarnia; George Henry was made third chief of the Credit Reserve in 1837; he moved to Walpole Island where he was the Indian language preacher; he was a government interpreter at the St. Clair mission in 1840 and resigned from the Methodist church in that year; in 1844 Maung-gwud-daus organized a dance troupe of Walpole Island Ojibwa that toured Europe in 1845; he joined the Roman Catholic church in England; George Catlin sponsored Maungwudaus' tour of France; his wife and three of their children died in the U.K. on the tour; he met U.S. President Taylor in April 1850; in June 1850 or 1851 Maungwudaus visited Gull Corners, Michigan where he met and married Taundoqua, Ojibwa Nation and part French; in the spring of 1851 his troupe performed at St. Lawrence Hall, Toronto; settled at the New Credit Reserve in 1854; Frank Little in Michigan Pioneer Society vol. XXVII states that Maungaudaus' native home was in Northern Michigan and that he was an Ojibwa chief, Methodist minister, impresario, translator, he toured Europe with a theatrical troupe in 1835, married Taundoqua, he visited Little at Richland, Michigan in June 1850 or 1851 and c. 1855 (Maugwudaus 1848; Petrone: 48-49; Rogers: 767; Smith 1976; 1987: 187-188, 200-203, 217-219, 229, 317, fig. 23; MPHSC vol. XXVII: 336-338). 'After the two great chiefs [the presidents of Belgium and France] and their great chief women had much talk with us, they thanked us, got into their carriages covered with gold, drawn by six beautiful horses, and drove back to the wigwam of the great chief of France. We followed them, and the great chief's servant, who wears a red coat, and much gold and silver, and a hat in the shape of a half-night sun, took us into one of the great rooms to dine. Everything on the table was gold and silver; we had twelve clean plates. Many came in while we were eating, and it was great amusement to them all'—France, October 19, 1845.

Maushkenoozha / Mas-kan-oou-je / James Muskununje / Jim Muskalonge [born on the Thames River in 1774; fl. 1812-1855], Ojibwa chief of the Muncey communty, married Betsey [born at Oxford {Woodstock} in 1792; fl. 1852], brother of Chief Chicken Muskununje, father of James Maskenoozhe [born at Amherstburg in 1835; fl. 1852] and Samuel Maskenoozhe; Jim Muskalonge, Ojibwa Nation, Muncey community, served with Tecumseh in the War of 1812, Masquononja signed Surrender #37, part of Muncey Reserve, February 5, 1834; Mahskenoozh testified at a camp meeting near Toronto on June 1, 1835; Mas-ka- oon-je, principal Muncey chief, signed a letter about John Tom-a-coo and John Riley losing their status as chiefs, October 24, 1837; Mauskenoozha / Mas-kan- oou-je, Ojibwa chief of the Thames, Church of England, actively supported the Government in the Rebellion of 1837, letter of December 21, 1837; J. Maskinoozie signed [with a Muskellunge totem] a petition to the Crown asking for some land to replace Bear Creek land sold by mistake by the Crown, June 12, 1839; James Muskununje, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrenders #58½b, #58½c, #58½d and #58½e, for schools and churches at Muncey, February 3, 1849; James Maskeeniozhe, signed [with a Fish totem] a receipt for travel expenses to other Ontario Ojibwa communities, September 27, 1855, along with a loan receipt around the same time (PAC RG10 vol. 454; PAC Canada 1851-52 [which states he was a Wesleyan Methodist]; PAO RG1 A-1-7 vol. 8 env. 2: 03763-03764; Britain 1839: 163; Canada 1891 vol. I: 90, 143-146; Goodspeed: 20; Kahkewaquonaby 1860: 75; Read and Stagg: 326-328). Muskellunge = ma$kino: $e (Piggott and Grafstein); Pike = gnoozhe (Margaret Jackson pers. com.). 'I am happy in my heart to see my brethren turn to the Great Spirit'— Toronto, June 1, 1830.

From a Letter by the Chippewa Chiefs of Caradoc, June 12, 1839. PAO RG1, A-1-7, Vol. 8, Env. 2.

Maytoygwain [fl. 1818-1819], Ojibwa chief; Maytoysain, Ojibwa chief of Chennail Ecarte, attended a council at Amherstburg to negotiate the terms of Surrender #21, October 16, 1818; Maytoyzewon, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Beaver totem], Surrender #21, west of London Township and north of the Thames River, March 9, 1819; Matazin, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Fish(?) totem] a petition to the Queen in 1838 objecting to the illegal surrender of Indian lands (PAC RG10 IT 065; vol. 1842; Canada 1891 vol. I: 49; Leighton: app. B6; Schmalz: 136; MPHSC vol. XVI: 643).

Alexander McKee / White Elk [died on the Thames River in 1799], civil servant / Indian Department official, son of an Irish trader and a Shawnee/Chouanon woman. Influential British official in the American-British frontier during the post Revolutionary period; lived on the Thames River during the 1790s; named White Elk by the Native leaders he worked with and supported (Allen 1975, 1993; Horsman).

Thomas McKee [born c.1770 on the Scioto River; died on October 20, 1814 at Île des Cascades, Lower Canada], Shawnee/ Chaouanon civil servant, son of Alexander McKee and a Shawnee woman; married Theresé, daughter of John Askin, in 1797; leased Pelee Island from the Ojibwa for 999 years in 1788; fought at Fort Recovery in 1794; attended a council with Mohawk Chief Thayedanegea and the Odawa and Ojibwa Nations at Detroit in August 1796; later that year his father appointed superintendent of Indian Affairs of the North West district [Fort St. Joseph]; made a captain of the 60th Regiment of Foot on February 20, 1796; elected to the Upper Canada house of assembly in 1797; became a major in 1807; served as a captain in the Indian Department in 1812-1814; was at the fall of Detroit; died of alcoholism (Allen 1993: 91; Horsman: 150; DCB vol. V.: 535-536).

Me-a-si-ta [fl. 1807], Ojibwa chief; signed the US Treaty of Detroit ceding the west half of Lake St. Clair, etc., November 17, 1807 (US 1837: 136; Leighton: app. B1).

Mécatépilésis / Macatepilesis [fl. 1760-1765], Odawa civil chief / speaker; Macatepilesis, Odawa chief, attended a Peace Conference at Detroit in September 1761, where he identified Seneca Chief Kayasota as an anti-British agitator; Mackatépélicite, second Odawa chief, was sent to Chief Také and the Wyandots with war belts by Pontiac in May 1763; Mackatepelicite, Breton and Chavinon, Odawa chiefs, conferred with Gladwin on May 8, 1763; Macatepilesis, Breton, Chavinon and Pontiac visited the French habitants on May 11, 1763 (Peckham: 82-84, 117, 130n, 139-140; Quaife 1958: 20, 32; DCB vol. III: 527, vol. IV: 408; MPHSC vol. VIII: 273, 277; PSWJ vol. III: 487-490). 'It is certain such bad Birds have been amongst us, but if we payed any attention to such disturbers of peace whom we shall always despise for attempting to put such evil thoughts into our ears, who are all determined as one Man to hold fast by the Covenant Chain for ever - But if you would know who this bird is, Cast your eyes to Kayashota & you will see him' —Detroit, September 10, 1761.

Jacob Medegwaub [fl. 1830], Ojibwa chief of Manitoulin Island; appointed by Chief Joshua Wawanosh around 1830 (Schmalz: 136).

Gordon Megezeez [fl. 1837-1848], Ojibwa chief of St. Clair; Gordon Megezeez, Ojibwa chief, lived on the St. Clair River near Sarnia and maintained neutrality during the Rebellion, as stated in a letter of December 14, 1837 to the Chiefs at Muncey; Megezeense, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Muskrat(?) totem] a petition to the Queen in 1838, objecting to the illegal surrender of Indian lands; Mege-zeence, an Ojibwa warrior at Sarnia, in 1848 received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812 (PAC RG10 vol. 1842; Read and Stagg: 326; Richardson: 101; Schmalz: 136). Mege-zeence = Young Eagle (Richardson: 101).

Megiri [fl. 1780-1783], Ojibwa chief; signed the Ainse deed, north side of the Thames River from Lake St. Clair to Chatham, September 19, 1780; signed the Ainse deed, north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] near Chatham, October 11, 1783 (Fraser: 173).

Megish [killed at the Battle of Lundy's Lane, July 25, 1814], Shawnee/Chaouanon warrior, Bear Creek community, one of five brothers; until about 1812 his community lived on Bear Creek [Little Bear Creek by Wallaceburg] from March to October and on the eastern shore of Lake St. Clair in the winter; he was killed by a member of US General Winfield Scott's brigade (Berton 1981: 333; Goodspeed: 22).

James Menass / James Manass [fl. 1869-1879], Ojibwa Nation, Sarnia community, father of James Menass Junior; emigrated to Sarnia around 1869, son of Quoikkegick of the Bear Creek community; James Manass signed Surrender #128, Indian mission lot, May 1, 1872; James Menass signed Surrender #143, part of Sarnia reserve, January 14, 1875 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 298, vol. II: 5; Plain 16).

James Menass Junior [fl. 1872-1903], Ojibwa Nation, Sarnia community, son of James Menass, married to Sarah Kabayah; he signed Surrender #128, Indian mission lot, May 1, 1872 and Surrender #478, Erie and Huron Railway right-of-way, September 20, 1903 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 298, vol. III: 388; Plain: 16).

Menaze / Menaich [fl. 1812-1829, died on Walpole Island c.1875], Ojibwa/Pottawatomie? warrior; his father was born on Walpole Island and died there, he was the father of John Penance, possibly related to James Menass Senior of Sarnia; fought in the war of 1812 on the Canadian side; moved to Walpole Island in 1829 and was adopted into the Walpole Ojibwa community; Menaich, Ojibwa chief at Walpole Island, in 1848 received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812 (Richardson: 99; Taylor app. B: Penance decl.). Menaich = Frozen (Richardson: 99).

Menchaguese [fl. 1796], Mississauga/Ojibwa Nation; sent to the Thames River Ojibwa by Chief Wabegonne with warnings and news of chief Wabacanine's murder in 1796 (Schmalz: 108).

ÌMeng-da-hai [fl. 1790], principal Huron/ Wyandot/Tionnontaté chief; attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed [with a Wolf's Head totem] Surrender #2, South side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002, RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1; Leighton: app. B4).

Menitogabout [fl. 1838], Pottawatomie chief; fought with the British in the War of 1812; in 1838 he led a delegation, with Metea, of 400 Pottawatomies and petitioned Jones and Keating of the Indian Department to allow the Pottawatomies to settle on Walpole Island, as fulfilment of Alexander McKee's 1796 promise to their Nation (Abraham: 34-36).

Me-shai-wais [fl. 1827], Pottawatomie chief; he signed the US Treaty for lands in eastern Michigan, September 19, 1827 (US 1837; Leighton: app. B3).

Meshebezhe [fl. 1778, died around 1827 at Sarnia], original Ojibwa chief of the Sarnia community during the reign of George III, ancestor of James Meshebezhe; Mi-ssou- bi-ni-shy, Ojibwa village chief, attended a council at Detroit, June 14, 1778 (RCWL VF185; Plain: 2, 4; MPHSC vol. IX: 442).

James Meshebezhe / James Mishebishee / Me-she-we-ghee / Mishebeisha [fl. 1848-1879], Ojibwa chief, Sarnia community, grandson or great grandson of Meshebezhe; Me-she- we-ghee, Sarnia chief, in 1848 received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812; Mishebeisha, Sarnia head chief, signed [with an Antler(?) totem] a letter to the Indian Agent of the Upper Reserve [Sarnia], September 6, 1849; James Mishebishee signed Surrender #69, part of Sarnia reserve for town and park lots, August 25, 1852; he lived at Sarnia in 1879 (PAC RG10 vol. 436; Canada 1891 vol. I: 177; Plain: 2, 4; Richardson: 101). Me-she-we-ghee = Lion (Richardson: 101).

Me-she-pe-she-wa-non [fl. 1827], Pottawatomie chief; he signed the US Treaty for lands in eastern Michigan, September 19, 1827 (US 1837; Leighton: app. B3).

Meshgagaig [fl. 1838], Ojibwa warrior, possibly the son of Mesh-qui-ga-boui; he signed [with a Fish(?) totem] a petition to the Queen in 1838 objecting to the illegal surrender of Indian land (PAC RG10 vol. 1842; Schmalz: 136).

Meshinaway / Mishinaway [fl. 1788-1795], Ojibwa chief, may have been the son of Wandagan; he signed [with a Crane totem] the Jonathon Schieffelin deed, north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] from Chatham to London, September 20, 1788; Mishinaway, Ojibwa Nation, was arrested, tried and acquitted in October 1795 with the murder of four people at the New Settlement on Lake Erie in May 1794 (he was found with one of the victims' clothing), he was allegedly trying to avenge the murder of his father by the trader David Ramsay near Port Stanley in 1771 - Mishinaway had threatened Ramsay at the Miamis Rapids in 1793; a lawyer named Roe defended Mishinaway at Detroit and billed the Crown £5-16.8 on October 23, 1795 (PAO MU 2099 OS 1-4; Cruikshank vol. IV: 114; Smith 1975; MPHSC vol. XII: 179-180).

From PAO, MU 2099 - 1788.

Meshkemau / Meskeman [fl. 1778-1817], Odawa chief; Mesh-kee-ma, Ojibwa chief, Ouashtanon community, attended a council at Detroit, June 14, 1778; he lived at Miami [Maumee] Bay on the south shore of Lake Erie, in Ohio, November 1807; Meskeman, Odawa chief, received land near the mouth of the Maumee River through the US Treaties of 1807 and 1817 (US 1837: 136, 216; Leighton: app. B1; Unrau and Miner: 56-57; MPHSC vol. IX: 443).

ÌMesh-qui-ga-boui [fl. 1783-1795], Ojibwa chief; Mashgiegago, Ojibwa chief, signed the Ainse deed, north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] near Chatham, October 11, 1783; Misquecawpowee, Odawa chief, Detroit area, signed [with an Otter or Salamander(?) totem] a surrender of land, south side of the Detroit River and Isle aux Bois Blancs [Bob-Lo Island], May 15, 1786 - it would eventually be registered as Surrender #116; Meshke-ka- powwi, Ojibwa chief, signed a 990 year lease for the north shore of Lake Erie east of Amherstberg, May 6, 1788; Mesh- qui-ga-boui, principal Ojibwa chief, attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed [with a Catfish or Sturgeon totem] Surrender #2, South side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor; Mashkewapo, signed [with a Catfish totem] the Ainse declaration for land near Chatham, July 13, 1791; Mish-ke-ka-poua, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Catfish or Sturgeon totem] a provisional surrender for London Township, September 29, 1795, and signed [with a Catfish totem] a provisional surrender for Chennail Ecarte, September 29, 1795 (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002, RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada NMC 2835, 4113; Canada 1891 vol. I: 273; Fraser: 171-173; Lajeunesse: 165-166, 173; Leighton: app. B4; MPHSC vol. XXIV: 27-29).

From Canada NMC 4113, 1795.

Mesquahwegezhigk / Red Sky [fl. 1800-1818], Ojibwa chief, son of Ojibwa Sarnia chief Annamakance, grandson of Chief Kioscance, father of Zakhshkodawa/Nicholas Plain [last hereditary chief of the Sarnia Ojibwa in 1870]; he is reported to have lived on the west side of the St. Clair River, four miles south of the Black River; Mestuckmaybig, Ojibwa chief of Chennail Ecarte, attended a council at Amherstburg to negotiate Surrender #21, October 16, 1818 (Goodspeed: 22; Plain: 4, 5, 19; MPHSC vol. XVI: 643).

Mes-qu-a-ku-ni-gau [fl. 1783], Shawnee chief; attended a council in Detroit, April 24, 1783 (MPHSC vol. XXV: 105).

Mesquokecon [fl. 1788], Ojibwa chief; he signed [with a Perching Bird totem] the Jonathon Schieffelin deed, north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] from Chatham to London, September 20, 1788 (PAO, MU 2099 OS 1-4).

From PAO, MU 2099 - 1788.

Mesquonebin [fl. 1788], Ojibwa chief; he signed the Jonathon Schieffelin deed, north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] from Chatham to London, September 20, 1788 (PAO, MU 2099 OS 1-4).

Messkias [fl. 1797], Ojibwa chief; he signed [with an Antler totem] a deed for land on the north-west side of Lake St. Clair to May, McNiff and Harson, February 4, 1797 (MPHSC vol. VIII: 498-500).

Messquakinoe / the Painted Pole / Red Pole / Anglice [fl. 1786-1795], Shawnee/ Chaouanon war chief; Musquathconouth signed the US Big Miamis [Maumee River] Treaty, January 31, 1786; he attended the General Council at the Glaize [Defiance, Ohio], September 30, 1792; Messquakenoe was a member of a delegation to Thomas McKee on October 9, 1792; Messquakenoe, elderly Shawnee orator, Thawgila tribe, spoke at a council with the US, December 31, 1792; Mis-qua-coo- na-waw / Red Pole signed the US Greenville Treaty, August 3, 1795; Painted Pole brought messages to the Nations around Detroit in 1795 which led to a council at Big Rock, later cancelled (US 1837: 54; Cruikshank vol. I: 218-223, 225-226, 228, 230, vol. IV: 63; Eckert: 377-378; MPHSC vol. XX: 417, vol. XXIV: 24, vol. XXIV: 484-486, 492-493, 496-497).

Metea / Metba / He Sulks [fl. 1812-1838], Pottawatomie/wkama chief; leader in the War of 1812-1814; lived on the St. Joseph River; on February 5, 1816, Meetea [Medawa / He Sulks] was included by Billy Caldwell on a list of Pottawatomie who were killed or wounded during Proctor's retreat; according to Clifton he was from the Michigan-Indiana villages; Metea, Pottawatomie chief, signed the US peace treaty at the Miamis Rapids, September 29, 1817; he attended the Treaty conferences of 1821 and 1826, which led to the US treaty for lands in eastern Michigan, September 19, 1827; in 1838 Metba led a delegation, with Menitogabout, of 400 Pottawatomies and petitioned Jones and Keating of the Indian Department to allow the Pottawatomies to settle on Walpole Island, as fulfilment of Alexander McKee's 1796 promise to their Nation; he displayed 17 wounds on his body he said he had received fighting for the British in the War of 1812 (US 1837: 216; Abraham: 34-35; Clifton 1975: 41; Clifton, Cornell, and McClurken: 51; MPHSC vol. XVI: 675).

ÌMet-te-go-chin / Metegomin [fl. 1790], principal Pottawatomie chief; attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed [with an Otter totem] Surrender #2, South side of Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor; Metegomin, Pottawatomie Chief at Walpole Island, in 1848 received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812; Clifton states that this name does not appear to be a regular clan eponym and that all that can be said about Met-te-go-chin is that he was associated with Alexander McKee (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002, RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1; Clifton 1975: 58-59; Leighton: app. B4; Richardson: 100). Metegomin = Acorn (Richardson: 100).

Métoss / Mitass [fl. 1812-1814], head Sac/ Sauk war chief, six feet tall; he was at the battle of Fort Miami [Maumee], May 5, 1813 where his son was killed; he was at the Battle of Moraviantown [Fairfield], October 5, 1813; he visited Québec City on February 14, 1814 (Casselman: 155-156; Sugden: 37, 196; MPHSC vol. XV: 492).

Metwetchwin [fl. 1820-1827], Ojibwa chief; he signed Surrender #280½, west of London Township and north of the Thames River, May 9, 1820; Metwichewun, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Crane totem] Surrender #25, London Township to Chatham Township, July 8, 1822; Metwitchewon, Ojibwa chief, signed [with a Crane totem] a receipt for goods received in payment of Surrender #21 on August 9, 1827 (PAC RG10 vol. 1842 IT 065, IT 067, IT 368; Canada 1891 vol. I: 58, vol. II: 281; Leighton: app. B5).

Meu-e-tu-ge-sheck / Little Cedar [fl. 1807], Ojibwa chief, Saginaw community, father of Kish-cou-cough; Meu-e-tu- ge-sheck / the Little Cedar, Ojibwa chief, signed the US Treaty of Detroit ceding the west half of Lake St. Clair, etc., November 17, 1807; Hull called him "unfriendly to the United States", in December 28, 1807; Little Cedar asked Hull to pardon his son of the murder of Lozo at Saginaw (US 1837: 136; Leighton: app. B1; MPHSC vol. XXXX: 241-242).

Michikinakoua / Michikiniqua / Meshecunnqua / Mes-he-kin-o-quah / Little Turtle [born c.1752 Miami River; died at Fort Wayne, July 14, 1812], Miami war chief, son of Chief Aque Noch Quah, his second wife was Polly Ford; Misshikinackwaa, chief from Ouiat, attended and addressed a council at Detroit, April 22, 1782; he defeated US armies under Harmar near the Miami Villages in 1790 and under St Clair at the Wabash River on December 3, 1791; Little Turtle, Miami chief, purchased sundries worth £80 with Wayapiersenwah at Detroit on July 1, 1791; he travelled to Montréal in 1792 to recruit warriors; he advised negotiations with the US in 1793; resigned as war chief in 1794 after his decision to negotiate with the US was rejected by the Miami Nation; he signed US Greenville Treaty with reluctance on August 3, 1795; Little Turtle was mentioned in a letter of Hamtramck on December 13, 1796; he refused to join Tecumseh and opposed his confederacy; he was kept uninformed by Tecumseh in 1807; he informed Harrison of Tecumseh's southern journey on January 25, 1812; he signed a truce with the US on October 12, 1813 (US 1837: 54; Cruikshank vol. III: 272, 295; Goltz: 98, 261, 275; Wilson: 31, 84, 86, 88; DCB vol. V: 593-595; MPHSC vol. X: 567-568, vol. XIII: 94-95, vol. XV: 691n, vol. XX: 311, XXXIV: 738).

Michimanadac [fl. 1776], Odawa chief; he gave land to Charles Réaume near Windsor, June 10, 1776 (Lajeunesse: 66).

Michipichy / Quarante Sols / Quarante Sous / Quarantesou [fl. 1695-1748], Huron chief, Miami River community; captured by the Iroquois in 1695; regarded with suspicion by the French because of his independence; he lived at Michilimakinac until Cadillac convinced him to settle at Detroit in 1701; Quarante Sols attended and spoke at the Great Peace Council at Montreal, July 25, 1701, and signed the general peace treaty there; his wife delivered letters to Father Maret at Michilimakinac on October 20, 1701; Quarente Solz left Michilimakinac for Detroit around May 1703; Michipichy negotiated with French and English traders to force prices down; on September 26, 1706, Odawa Chief Miscouaky accused Quarante Sols of giving war belts secretly to the Nations at Detroit to destroy the Odawas; Cadillac in turn accused him of helping cause the Odawa - Miami conflict of 1706; Quarante Sols was given a number of presents by Cadillac on September 29, 1706; Quarante Sols appeared at Detroit in January 1748 with a group of Hurons from Sandusky (Blair vol. II: 136; DCB vol. III: 446; MPHSC vol. XXXIII: 114, 118-119, 126-127, 160, 237-238, 270, 288, 292, 296, 432-434).

Miere / Myeerah / Myecruh / Mayar / Mieray / Meare / Walk In The Water [born c.1748; died on a reservation on the Huron River in 1818], Wendat/Huron/ Wyandot chief, lived at Wyandotte, Michigan, 12 miles below Detroit; Au-me- yee-ray signed the US Greenville Treaty, August 3, 1795; Mai-i-rai, Wyandot chief, invited Quakers to Upper Sandusky in 1798; Walk in the water lived at Brownstown [Trenton, Mich.], he brought a speech to Hull from the Upper Sandusky Wyandot chiefs on July 26, 1805; he signed the US Treaty of Fort Industry in 1805; Miere / Walk In The Water signed the US Treaty of Detroit, for the west half of Lake St. Clair etc., November 17, 1807; Walk in the waters delivered a speech to Hull on September 30, 1809; Maera and seven other Wyandot chiefs petitioned the US on February 5, 1812 and obtained 50-year possession of Brownstown and Monguagon; he declared his neutrality in early 1812; Walk in the Water attended a council at Amherstburg, July 7, 1812; Chief Walk in water moved to the interior of Michigan before Hull invaded Canada; Hull stated that he was a "zealous friend of neutrality" on July 14, 1812; he commanded British Indians at the Battle of Maguaga with Chief Marpot, August 5, 1812; he fought at the fall of Detroit, August 16, 1812 and at the Battle of Frenchtown on January 20, 1813; he attended the Brownstown council of August 22-23, 1813; he broke with the British secretly in the summer of 1813 and signed an armistice with the US on October 14, 1813; he signed the US Springwells Treaty, September 8, 1815; Walk in the Water ceded all rights to Brownstown and Monguagon on September 20, 1818; he appears in Richardson's novel The Canadian Brothers; his house near Trenton was still standing in 1833 (US 1837: 54, 113, 136, 176; Berton 1980: 147; Casselman: xxx; Clarke: 102, 107; Sugden: 36-38; DCB vol. V,: 619-620; MPHSC vol. XX: 416, vol. XXVI: 283, 297, vol. XXXX: 61, 75, 305,414, 417, 461; OAHS vol. XIV: 314).

Mikinak / Makinac / Méckinac / Mequinac / The Turtle [fl. 1695 onwards, died February 26, 1755 at Detroit], Odawa war chief from Saguinan [Saginaw(?)]; led an expedition from Michilimakinac against Iroquois hunters around Detroit in 1695; carried messages between Detroit and Michilimakinac for Cadillac in 1701; Chief Mikinak invited Nokens to join his community in May 1702; by 1737 he was living at Detroit; he travelled to Montréal in 1742 where he presented his son to governor Beauharnois; Pontiac claimed to have protected the French at Detroit from Mékinak in 1746; Mikinak demanded a long list of articles from the French, in consideration of his support, in October 1746 - his demands were supplied; French ally in 1747; he was said to have originally sympathized with Wyandot Chief Orontony; Mikinak eventually opposed Orontony, visiting him and demanding that he either observe his truce with the French or fight the allied nations; he visited the English at Oswego in 1751; an Odawa chief at Kitch Wekwetong [Grand Traverse Bay] was identified as Mikinak on September 1, 1835 (Peckham: 33-34; DCB vol. III: 450-451; MPHSC vol. VIII: 301, vol. XII: 621, vol. XXXIV: 337, vol. XXXIII: 114, 122, 128).

Minaghquat [fl. 1781], Mississauga/Ojibwa chief, Duck clan, Head of Lake Ontario [Burlington Bay - Niagara] community; he signed Surrender #381, west side of the Niagara River, May 9, 1781 (Canada 1891 vol. III: 196; Schmalz: 102, 123).

Minas [fl. 1780], Ojibwa chief or principal leader, signed [with a Fork totem] a deed at Detroit to William Tucker, September 22nd, 1780, for a parcel of land by the River Huron, northwest corner of Lake St. Clair; perhaps related to the Menass family(?) (MPHSC vol. V: 551-552).

Mineweweh / Minavavana / Le Grand Saulteur / Ninkaton [born c.1710; died autumn 1770 at Michilimakinac], principal Ojibwa war chief of the area around Michilimakinac and Mackinac Island, father of northern Ojibwa Chief Kinonchamek, he was 6 feet tall; ally of the French; captured Michilimakinac with Chief Madjeckewiss on June 2, 1763; when Michilimakinac was reoccupied by the British he moved west through Illinois and Wisconsin; met Pontiac in the Illinois Country with the French in the fall of 1765; Grand Chief Mivanon was visited by 15 chiefs sent from the French in 1766; he arrived in Cahokia [East St. Louis] in April 1770 to avenge the murder of Pontiac; Minavavana killed two servants of a trading company; his camp was attacked by a British war party at Michilimakinac in the fall of 1770 and he was knifed in his tent (Peckham: 164, 265, 317; Petrone: 30; Quaife 1958: 141; DCB vol. III: 529-530, vol. III: 452; PSWJ vol. XII: 228).

Miott [fl. 1807], Ojibwa chief; signed the US Treaty of Detroit ceding the west half of Lake St. Clair, etc., November 17, 1807 (US 1837: 136; Leighton: app. B1).

Miscouaky / Miskouaky / Misconky / Miscoualzy [fl. 1700-1713], Odawa chief from Detroit and then Michilimakinac, brother of Jean le Blanc; arrived at Montreal in June 1700 as an Odawa emissary with Chief Mekaoua; he was sent as an emissary again in 1706 to enlist French support in the conflict between the Odawa and Miami Nations at Detroit, after principal Odawa Chief Le Pésant attacked the Miamis there; Miscouaky disassociated himself from Le Pésant's attack and stated that the Odawa elders were in council when their young warriors fought; Odawa Chief Miscouaky arrived from Michilimakinac and addressed Vaudreuil at Detroit on September 26, 1706; Miscouaky delivered a message from Vaudreuil to Le Pésant asking him to surrender; Le Pésant was delivered to the French at Detroit by the Odawas on September 24, 1707; Miscouaky made a third trip to Montréal in 1713 (DCB vol. III: 474-475; MPHSC vol. XXXIII: 273, 282, 288, 295, 306-307, 320, 323, 329). 'The reason which compelled us to fight with the Miamis was that after we had set out on the war-path against the Sioux, in accordance with what we had told the Sr. de Bourmont, we were warned by a Poutouatamis, who had encamped near the fort of the Hurons, that the Miamis at Detroit had resolved to let us go, and get three days on our march, and after that they would attack our village and destroy our women and children. We could not guess, my Father, and you yourselves will be surprised as well as we were, when you learn that Quarante Sols, who was employed by the Sieur de la Mothe to attract all the tribes to Detroit, availed himself of this pretext to give belts secretly, in order to induce them to destroy us'—Detroit, September 26, 1706.

Elijah Miskokomon [born on the Thames River in 1840; fl. 1852-1876], Ojibwa councillor, Muncey community, son of John and Polly Miskokomon, married to Nancy [born in 1845; fl. 1852]; he signed Surrender #126, Canadian Southern Railway right of way, January 18, 1872, and Surrender #154, August 31, 1876 (PAC Canada 1851-52; PAC Canada 1861; Canada 1891 vol. I: 294, vol. II: 30).

George Miskokomon [born on the Thames River in 1816; fl. 1852-1883], Ojibwa chief, Muncey community, married Sarah [Thames River 1829; fl. 1852], son of Chief Musko-koo-mon; George Miskokomon signed: Surrender #95, sale of timber from Muncey, September 26, 1862, Surrender #154, August 31, 1876 and Surrender #205, hunting agreement, July 25, 1883 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Canada 1891 vol. I: 238, vol. II: 30, 139).

John Miskokomon [born on Walpole Island in 1817; fl. 1852-1876], Ojibwa chief, Muncey community, married Polly [Thames River 1818; fl. 1852], son of Chief Musko-koo-mon, father of Peter [born on the Thames River April 21, 1834; died at Muncey on June 18, 1861]; John Miskokomon signed Surrender #126, Canadian Southern Railway right of way, January 18, 1872 and Surrender #154, August 31, 1876 (PAC Canada 1851-52; Canada 1861; Canada 1891 vol. I: 294, vol. II: 30; Johanson: 7; Colborne cemetery records).

Mississaga [fl. 1780-1845], Mississauga/Ojibwa chief; signed the Niagara Purchase, west side of the Niagara, May 9, 1781; Mississagua, Ojibwa Nation, lived at Sarnia with Chabozno, January 20, 1843 (Canada 1847: no. 20; Schmalz: 123).

Mitch-e-pee-maine-she-wish / Bad Bird [fl. 1827], Pottawatomie chief, he signed the US Treaty for lands in eastern Michigan, September 19, 1827 (US 1837; Leighton app. B3).

Mixs-a-bee / Mix-a-nee [fl. 1819-1833], Pottawatomie/Ojibwa chief, lived at Pe- wa-na-go-wink; Taw-cum-e-go-qua was the daughter of Ojibwa chief Mix-e- ne-ne, his other child was named Nah- tun-e-ge-zhic; he was the uncle of Naug-un-nee; he was one of four chiefs in the Flint Ojibwa community along with Neome and Pe-na-ze-ge-we-zhic; a negotiator of the US Saginaw Treaty with Cass, he signed it with reluctance on September 24, 1819; Mixs-a-bee, Pottawatomie chief, signed the US Treaty for lands in eastern Michigan, September 19, 1827; Mix-a-nee, signed the US Treaty of Chicago, September 27, 1833, which led to the removal of the Pottawatomie Nation from Michigan (US 1837: 276; Gilbert: 80-81; Leighton: app. B3; DCB vol. V: 567 -568; MPHSC vol. XXVI: 522-524, 526-528).

Mkade-knebik [fl. 1798-1827], Ojibwa chief, St. Clair River community; Black Snake signed [with a Perching Bird totem] a deed for land on the east shore of the St. Clair River, to William Thorn Junior, August 28, 1798; Mich-i-ke-ha-bick / Michikehabeck, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #27½, Watford area, April 26, 1825; Mshikinaibik, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #29, Sarnia to Goderich, July 10, 1827 (PAO RG1 A-1-7 vol. 8 env. 2: 03535; Canada 1891 vol. I: 65, 71). Mkade knebik = black snake (Margaret Jackson pers. com.).

Mocan [fl. 1788], Ojibwa chief; he signed [with an Antler or Claw totem] the Jonathon Schieffelin deed, north side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] from Chatham to London, September 20, 1788 (PAO MU 2099 OS 1-4).

From PAO, MU 2099 - 1788.

Mo-ke-ge-wan / Mokeetchiwan [fl. 1825-1827], Ojibwa chief; he signed Surrender #27½, Watford area, April 26, 1825 and Surrender #29, Sarnia to Goderich, July 10, 1827 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 71; Leighton: app. B8, B8a).

ÌMon-do-ao [fl. 1781-1790], Huron/Wyandot/Tionnontaté chief; Man-do-ro, Huron chief, attended a council at Detroit, April 26, 1781; Mon-do-ro / Mon-do- ao, principal Huron chief, attended a council at Detroit on May 19, 1790, where he signed [with a Wolf totem] Surrender #2, south side of the Askunessippi [Thames River] from Port Bruce to Windsor [Lajeunesse spells his name Mondoro] (PAC RG10 vol. 1840 IT 002, RG10 ser. II vol. 13; Canada 1891 vol. I: 1; Lajeunesse: 173; Leighton: app. B4).

From Surrender #2 (1790). PAC RG10, Vol. 1840, IT 002.

Monedoogauboogh [fl. 1848], Ojibwa warrior, Walpole Island community; in 1848 he received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812 (Richardson: 100). Monedoogauboogh = Spirit Pastor (Richardson: 100).

Monoghquit / Minaghquat [fl. 1765-1781], Toronto area Mississauga/Ojibwa chief; successor to Chief Wabbicommicot; made a sachem by Chief Nannibosure in 1768; attended a council with Nannibosure, September 22, 1771 at Toronto; Minaghquat, Mississauga chief, signed Surrender #381, west of the Niagara River, May 9, 1781 (Canada 1891 vol. III: 196; Schmalz: 88).

Moquommis [killed at the Battle of Moraviantown {Fairfield}, October 5, 1813], Ojibwa warrior [not the same as Chief Maquammis] (Sugden: 133).

Mtschiki/Mtshiki [fl. 1804-1806], Ojibwa hunter, Bear Creek Community; married to Beata [fl. 1804-1806, d. June 6th, 1806], younger brother of Bit-Off-Nose; he lived at Kitegan [Sydenham River]; he supplied game to the Bear Creek Moravian Mission in 1804, 1805 and 1806; he was drunk at the Thames on June 28, 1805; he did not heed the advice to convert to Christianity during the funeral for his wife (Denke 1990: 15, 17, 19, 20-21; Denke 1991: 11, 16; Denke 1993: 3-4).

Muhjewadau [fl. 1848], Pottawatomie chief, Walpole Island community; in 1848 he received presents from the Indian Department for wounds suffered in the War of 1812 (Richardson: 100). Muhjewadau = Evildoer (Richardson: 100).

Muh-kuh-dapenancy [fl. 1875], Ojibwa Nation, Walpole Island community; he signed Surrender #144, June 17, 1875 (Canada 1891 vol. II: 7).

Mullunthy / Maloontha [born c.1692; killed November 1786], Shawnee/Chaouanon chief, Meshquashake clan community; Moluntha, Shawnee chief, fought at Fort Boonesville, September 25-31, 1778; he attended a conference at Fort Finney in January 1786; Maloontha signed the US Big Miamis [Maumee River] Treaty, January 31, 1786; Moluntha, Chief Shade and Chief Painted Pole sent a message to the British stating that the Shawnee had been cheated by the US on February 9, 1786; Melunthe was captured and killed by US forces in November, 1786 (US 1837; Eckert: 165, 244, 285; Tanner: 86; MPHSC vol. XXIV: 20, 24).

John Mundway / John Mundiway / John Mondway [born on the Grand River in 1782; fl. 1828-1861], Ojibwa Nation, Ausable River community, married Betsey [born at Sandusky, Ohio in 1802; died before 1861], father of John Mundway Junior; visited by Kahkewaquonaby [Peter Jones] north of London, Saturday March 8, 1828 (Mundway was a member of Chief Caleb's community at that time); probably moved to Muncey in 1832 where he became a chief; John Mundiway signed Surrender #37, part of Muncey Reserve, February 5, 1834 and Surrenders #58½b, #58½c, #58½d, #58½e, for schools and churches at Muncey, February 13, 1849; John Mundway signed [with an Antler totem] a receipt for travel expenses to other Ontario Ojibwa communities, September 27, 1855, along with a loan receipt around the same time (PAC RG10 vol. 454; PAC Canada 1851-52; PAC Canada 1861; Canada 1891 vol. I: 90, 143-146; Kahkewaquonaby 1860: 117).

From PAC RG10, Vol. 454: 106 (1855).

John Mundway Junior [born on the Thames River in 1823; fl. 1851-1883], Ojibwa Nation, Upper Thames River [Muncey] community, married Sarah [born on the St. Clair River in 1827; died before 1861], son of John and Betsey Mundway; John Mundway Junior signed Surrender #205, hunting agreement, July 25, 1883 (PAC Canada 1851-52; PAC Canada 1861; Canada 1891 vol. II: 139).

William Mundway [fl. 1872], Ojibwa chief, Muncey community, relative of John Mundway Senior and Junior(?); he signed Surrender #126, Canadian Southern Railway right of way, January 18, 1872 (Canada 1891 vol. I: 294).

Mus-ko-koo-mon / Miscocomon / The Red Knife [fl. 1812 onwards; died before 1852], Ojibwa chief, Muncey; fought under Tecumseh in the War of 1812; member of the Church of England; Muskokomon, Ojibwa chief, signed Surrender #37, part of Muncey Reserve, February 5, 1834; Mus-ko-koo-mon, principal Muncey chief, signed a letter about John Tom- a- coo and John Riley losing their status as chiefs, October 24, 1837; Mus-ko- koo-mon, Ojibwa chief of the Thames, actively supported the Government in the Rebellion of 1837, letter of December 21, 1837; Miskokomon signed [with an Antler totem] a petition to the Crown on June 12, 1839, asking for some land to replace Bear Creek lands sold by mistake; Miskokomon signed Surrenders #58½b, #58½c, #58½d, #58½e, for schools and churches at Muncey, February 3, 1849 (PAO RG1 A-1-7 vol. 8 env. 2 03763-03764; Britain 1839: 391; Canada 1891 vol. I: 90, 143-146; Goodspeed: 20; Kahkewaquonaby 1861 {Miskokomon's portrait faces p. 161}; Read and Stagg: 327-328).

From a Letter by the Chippewa Chiefs of Caradoc, June 12, 1839. PAO RG1, A-1-7, Vol. 8, Env. 2.

Myata [killed at the Battle of Moraviantown {Fairfield}, October 5, 1813], Sac/Sauk warrior (Sugden: 33).

Mynass / Menas / Thornberry [fl. 1783], Mississauga/Ojibwa chief, lived at Canosodauga [Oka]; negotiated initial Crawford Purchase for Lake Ontario frontage, October 21, 1783; by November 1783 he had sold his own land from the River Toniato to Cataraqui and had assisted in the sale of Mississauga lands (Morris: 16; Schmalz: 129; MPHSC vol. XX: 200).